A turning point in gender bias in mortality? An update on the number of missing women
A turning point in gender bias in mortality? An update on the number of missing women
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00285.x
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发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wink, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klasen, S;Wink, C
Amartya Sen通过估计“失踪妇女”的人数，即任何年龄的女性可能因歧视性待遇而死亡的人数，引发了一场关于死亡率中性别偏见的辩论。根据所作的假设，对存在这种性别偏见的国家的合并估计数在6 000万至1.07亿之间。随着这些国家新的人口数据的出现，本文将探讨“失踪妇女”的数量在过去十年中是否发生了变化。对失踪妇女人数的综合估计在绝对值上有所上升，但与总人口相比略有下降。西亚、北非和南亚部分地区的情况明显改善，而印度的情况改善不大，中国的情况则恶化。对死亡率中性别偏见的根本原因进行的分析表明，情况的改善主要与女性教育和就业机会的改善以及总收入的增加有关，而情况的恶化则主要是由于针对胎儿性别进行的选择性人工流产的发生率上升。
Amartya Sen started a debate about gender bias in mortality by estimating the number of "missing women," which refers to the number of females of any age who have presumably died as a result of discriminatory treatment. Depending on the assumptions made, the combined estimates for countries exhibiting the presence of such gender bias varied between 60 and 107 million. As new population data have become available for these countries, this article examines whether the number of "missing women" has changed in the past decade. The combined estimate of the number of missing women has risen in absolute terms but has fallen slightly in relation to overall population. Considerable improvement is evident in West Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia, while only small improvements have occurred in India and a deterioration took place in China. Analyses of the underlying causes of gender bias in mortality suggest that improvements are largely related to improved female education and employment opportunities and rising overall incomes, while deterioration is mostly attributable to the rising incidence of sex-selective abortions.