Mechanism-based groups of children with ADHD are associated with distinct domains of impairment.
Mechanism-based groups of children with ADHD are associated with distinct domains of impairment.
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基于机制的多动症儿童群体与不同的损伤领域相关。
DOI：
10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115018
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Huang-Pollock,Cynthia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shapiro,ZviR;Bray,Bethany;Huang-Pollock,Cynthia
以人为本的分析通常被用来识别有心理健康状况的儿童亚群，希望它们将对心理障碍的分类、评估和治疗提供有意义的信息。然而，这些数据驱动型群体在预测适应性功能的重要方面是否明显比标准的DSM分类法更好还没有确定。以注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)为模型条件，我们利用人格和认知能力维度来识别学龄儿童(N=246)的以人为中心的特征，并评估这些特征与适应功能的关键领域的关联。单一的档案(“尽责”)代表非ADHD控制，其特点是漂移速度更快，执行功能得分更高。ADHD儿童有三种特征(“不愉快”、“消极情绪性”和“外向”)。漂移率，但不是执行功能，区别于ADHD特征，这也明显与精神病理学、社交技能和学术成就的外在化和内在化共病相关。相比之下，《诊断和统计手册》(DSM)介绍内容不多，各领域的损害模式相似。ADHD儿童的以人为中心的特征与明显的适应功能缺陷有关，可能有助于临床实践。
Person-oriented analyses are commonly used to identify subgroups of children with mental health conditions in the hopes that they will meaningfully inform the taxonomy, assessment, and treatment of psychological disorder. However, whether these data-driven groups are demonstrably better at predicting important aspects of adaptive functioning than standard DSM taxonomy has not been established. Using Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) as a model condition, we utilized dimensions of personality and cognitive ability to identify person-centered profiles of school-aged children (N=246) and evaluated the association of these profiles with critical areas of adaptive functioning. A single profile (“Conscientious”) represented non-ADHD controls and was characterized by faster drift rate and higher executive functioning scores. Three profiles (“Disagreeable,” “Negative Emotionality,” and “Extraverted”) were identified for children with ADHD. Drift rate, but not executive functioning, distinguished among ADHD profiles, which were also distinctly associated with comorbid externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, social skills, and academic achievement. In contrast, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) presentations were not informative and showed similar patterns of impairment across domains. Person-centered profiles of children with ADHD are associated with distinct adaptive functioning deficits and may be useful in informing clinical practice.