Female chimpanzees giving first birth in their natal group in Mahale: attention to incest between brothers and sisters
Female chimpanzees giving first birth in their natal group in Mahale: attention to incest between brothers and sisters
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马哈莱雌性黑猩猩在其出生群体中产下第一胎：关注兄弟姐妹之间的乱伦
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-020-00886-3
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Inoue Eiji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumoto Takuya;Hanamura Shunkichi;Kooriyama Takanori;Hayakawa Takashi;Inoue Eiji
黑猩猩社会普遍表现出雄性的亲热性和雌性的分散性。然而，来自长期研究地点的野生黑猩猩社会的人口统计数据显示，一些雌性在其出生群体中分娩（即“剩余雌性”）。在这里，我们报告了坦桑尼亚马哈勒 M 组中剩余的两名雌性，并将她们的病例与之前的报告进行比较，以探讨导致雌性保留在出生组中的社会和生态因素。结果显示，其余雌性的社会特征和她们所经历的生态因素都没有表现出一致的趋势。然而，我们发现多种非相互排斥的潜在因素可能会影响雌性留在出生群体中的决定：间接喂养竞争的减少、母亲或异母在照顾后代以及与其他个体的积极互动中的支持、与其他剩余雌性的密切关系以及青少年不育期较短。此外，我们还观察到一只出生的雌性与她的哥哥交配，这是马哈勒首次观察到兄妹乱伦。尽管DNA分析显示她的婴儿并非近亲繁殖的产物，但两人在她发情期的后半段频繁交配，这表明他们并没有在行为上避免乱伦以避免近亲繁殖。此外，没有确凿的证据表明剩下的雌性避免与她的母兄弟交配，这表明避免乱伦可能不是导致雌性分散的直接因素。
Chimpanzee societies generally show male philopatry and female dispersal. However, demographic data on wild chimpanzee societies from long-term study sites have revealed that some females give birth in their natal group (i.e., “remaining females”). Here, we report two remaining females in the M group in Mahale, Tanzania, and compare their cases with previous reports to explore the social and ecological factors that lead to females remaining in their natal group. The results revealed that neither the social traits of the remaining females nor the ecological factors they experienced showed a coherent trend. However, we found multiple, non-mutually exclusive potential factors that may influence the decision by females to remain in their natal group: a decrease in indirect feeding competition, support from mothers or allomothers in the care of offspring and in aggressive interactions with other individuals, close relationships with the other remaining females, and a short adolescent infertility period. Additionally, we observed a natal female copulating with her older brother, which was the first observation of brother–sister incest in Mahale. Although DNA analysis revealed that her infant was not a product of inbreeding, the pair copulated frequently in the latter half of her estrus period, suggesting that they did not avoid incest behaviorally to avoid inbreeding. Furthermore, there was no hard evidence that the remaining female avoided mating with her maternal brother, suggesting that incest avoidance may not be a proximate factor responsible for female dispersal.