Honey bee social collapse arising from hornet attacks
Honey bee social collapse arising from hornet attacks
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DOI：
10.1127/entomologia/2023/1825
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发表时间：
2023-05-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Nieh, James C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Shihao;Gu, Gaoying;Nieh, James C.
集体防御受到与捕食者共同进化的限制，因此物种通常对同域而非异域捕食者有有效的防御。蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）与掠食性大黄蜂（Vespa velutina auraria）是异域的，并且没有有效的防御措施，不像蜜蜂（A. cerana）与这种大黄蜂是同域的。然而，被攻击的蜜蜂种群数量下降的原因仍有待充分阐明，并且考虑到入侵的白绒螟导致了欧洲多个国家蜜蜂数量的下降，这是有意义的。在中国西南地区，我们发现与本土蜜蜂不同的是，蜜蜂的觅食量严重减少，当受到本土黄蜂的攻击时，觅食者的捕食率更高。攻击导致蜂王产卵量减少，蛹减少，工蜂减少，并导致蜜蜂群体死亡。黄蜂袭击仅仅一周后，蜂后的产卵量就开始下降，尽管蜂群工蜂的数量并没有明显下降，但蜂后的产卵量却显著减少。相比之下，大黄蜂的攻击并没有导致蜜蜂群体适合度的相同代理指标下降。我们认为，除了直接捕食外，捕食者诱导的应激也可能导致蜜蜂种群的减少，这一有趣的可能性与越来越多的研究一致，这些研究表明，这种应激可以直接损害繁殖，从而降低多种动物的适应性。
Collective defense is constrained by co-evolution with the predator such that species typically have effective defenses against sympatric, but not allopatric, predators. The honey bee, Apis mellifera, is allopatric with the predatory hornet, Vespa velutina auraria, and does not have effective defenses, unlike A. cerana, which is sympatric with this hornet. However, the reasons behind the decline of attacked A. mellifera colonies remain to be fully elucidated and are relevant given that invading V. velutina contributes to the decline of A. mellifera in multiple European countries. In southwest China, we show that A. mellifera ligustica, unlike the native A. cerana cerana, severely reduced foraging, and experienced higher hornet predation of foragers when attacked by native V. velutina auraria. Attacks resulted in reduced queen egg production, fewer pupae, and fewer workers and led to A. mellifera colony death. Decline began after only one week of hornet attacks, with A. mellifera queens significantly reducing their egg-laying even though the number of colony workers had not significantly fallen. In contrast, hornet attacks did not lead to declines in the same proxy measures of colony fitness for A. cerana. We suggest that, in addition to direct predation, predator-induced stress may contribute to A. mellifera colony declines, an intriguing possibility that accords with a growing body of research demonstrating that such stress can directly harm reproduction and thereby reduce fitness in multiple animals.