Language-specific and universal influences in children's syntactic packaging of Manner and Path:: A comparison of English, Japanese, and Turkish
Language-specific and universal influences in children's syntactic packaging of Manner and Path:: A comparison of English, Japanese, and Turkish
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2005.12.006
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Fujii, Mihoko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen, Shanley;Ozyurek, Asli;Fujii, Mihoko
不同的语言将空间关系的语义元素映射到不同的词汇和句法单位。这些跨语言的差异为语言发展提出了重要的问题，即儿童如何学习这种变化。我们调查了土耳其语，英语和日语为母语的儿童（平均年龄3;8）包装的语义元素的方式和路径到句法单位时，方式和路径的移动图同时发生，并在事件中显着描绘。在我们的数据中，普遍的和特定语言的模式都很明显。儿童使用成人使用他们自己语言的人更喜欢的语义-句法映射，甚至表达微妙的句法差异，这些差异以与成人相同的方式编码方式和路径之间的不同关系（即，方式导致vs.附带路径）。然而，并不是所有类型的语义-语法映射都容易让孩子学习（例如，在两个动词从句中表达方式和路径元素）。在这种情况下，讲土耳其语和日语的儿童经常使用目标语言中不典型的句法模式，但与讲英语的儿童使用的模式相似，这表明一些普遍的影响。因此，语言特有的和普遍的倾向都指导着复杂空间表达的发展。(c)2006 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Different languages map semantic elements of spatial relations onto different lexical and syntactic units. These crosslinguistic differences raise important questions for language development in terms of how this variation is learned by children. We investigated how Turkish-, English-, and Japanese-speaking children (mean age 3;8) package the semantic elements of Manner and Path onto syntactic units when both the Manner and the Path of the moving Figure occur simultaneously and are salient in the event depicted. Both universal and language-specific patterns were evident in our data. Children used the semantic-syntactic mappings preferred by adult speakers of their own languages, and even expressed subtle syntactic differences that encode different relations between Manner and Path in the same way as their adult counterparts (i.e., Manner causing vs. incidental to Path). However, not all types of semantics-syntax mappings were easy for children to learn (e.g., expressing Manner and Path elements in two verbal clauses). In such cases, Turkish- and Japanese-speaking children frequently used syntactic patterns that were not typical in the target language but were similar to patterns used by English-speaking children, suggesting some universal influence. Thus, both language-specific and universal tendencies guide the development of complex spatial expressions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.