Where Did Julia Sit?: Another Borrowing from Montaigne in John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi
Where Did Julia Sit?: Another Borrowing from Montaigne in John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi
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朱莉娅坐在哪里？：约翰·韦伯斯特的《马尔菲公爵夫人》中蒙田的另一个借用
DOI：
10.1093/notesj/gjaa052
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
Takashi Yoshinaka
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文献类型：
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作者：
市川千恵子;田中孝信;要田圭治;原田範行;他;Kumiko Hoshi;Kumiko Hoshi;Kumiko Hoshi;Kumiko Hoshi;滝川 睦;滝川 睦;滝川 睦;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子;岩上はる子・惣谷美智子（共編著）;岩上はる子（分担執筆）;宮原 一成;宮原 一成;宮原一成;Kazunari Miyahara;宮原 一成;Kazunari Miyahara;Ashizu Kaori;Takashi Yoshinaka
在韦伯斯特的《马尔菲公爵夫人》（可能写于1613年）中，红衣主教和他的情妇朱莉娅一起出现，他们在舞台上调情，显然助长了早期观众的反天主教情绪。首先，他对她说：“坐下。你是我最美好的愿望（2.4）1）。[1]原文中没有舞台指示，但考虑到这位剧作家从约翰·弗洛里奥（John Florio）翻译的《蒙田文集》（1603年，第二版，1613年）的其他地方借用了许多东西，[2]我认为，很明显，韦伯斯特的意图是让朱莉娅坐在红衣主教的腿上，而不仅仅是坐在椅子上，甚至是坐在床上。在同一幕中，在这场戏之前，博索拉嘲笑女人天生的滥交，把她们的性习惯称为“数学”，“知道如何使许多线条在一个中心相遇”（2.2）。韦伯斯特从蒙田的《散文集》第三卷第五章借用了这个概念和表达，正如佛罗里达·卢卡斯和其他评论家已经注意到的那样：“世界上所有的运动都向这个结合点弯曲和屈服：这是一个注入的问题，也是一个所有线条都来的中心，所有事物都看。”[3]然后，蒙田在下一页继续讨论阴茎主义，而韦伯斯特一定继续在他的《平凡的书》中做笔记。这位法国哲学家提到了当代对男性生殖器的“奉献”的例子：
Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi (probably written in 1613), the Cardinal appears with his mistress Julia and they flirt onstage, obviously fueling anti-Catholic sentiment in early audiences. First, he says to her ‘Sit. Thou art my best of wishes’(2.4. 1). 1 There is no stage direction here in the original texts, but given the dramatist’s many borrowings elsewhere from John Florio’s translation of Montaigne’s Essays (1603, 2nd edn, 1613), 2 it is evident, I argue, that Webster intended Julia to sit, not simply on a chair or even on a bed but in the Cardinal’s lap. In the same Act, before the scene in question, when Bosola ridicules women for their natural promiscuousness by referring to their sexual habit as ‘the mathematics’ by which ‘to know the trick how to make a many lines meet in one centre’(2.2. 21–2, 24–5), Webster borrowed this idea and the expression, as FL Lucas and other critics have already noted, from Book 3, Chapter 5 in Montaigne’s Essays:‘All the worlds motions bend and yeelde to this conjunction: it is a matter euery-where infused; and a Centre whereto all lines come, all things looke’. 3 Then, Montaigne goes on to discuss phallicism on the next page, and Webster must have continued to make notes in his commonplace book. The French philosopher refers to the contemporary instances of the ‘devotion’to the male genitalia: