Inequality of opportunity
Inequality of opportunity
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机会不平等
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Bourguignon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Bourguignon
本章讨论机会不平等（即“事前不平等”）的含义，即个人非自愿继承或面临的不同情况如何影响他们以后的经济成就。这个概念还包括程序的公平程度。本章介绍了可用于衡量机会不平等的理论原则。通过关于机会不平等，特别是代际经济流动性的应用文献中的例子和典型事实来说明测量的实际问题。本章总结了监测机会不平等可观察维度所需数据的性质，并就应定期生成的统计数据提出建议，以有效监测这些数据。
This chapter discusses what is meant by inequality of opportunity (i.e. “ex ante inequality”), in the sense of how different circumstances involuntarily inherited or faced by individuals could affect their economic achievements later in life. This concept is also taken to include how fair the procedures are. The chapter presents the theoretical principles that can be used for measuring inequality of opportunity. Practical issues of measurement are illustrated through examples and stylised facts from the applied literature on inequality of opportunity and, in particular, on inter-generational economic mobility. The chapter summarises the nature of the data needed to monitor the observable dimensions of inequality of opportunity and makes recommendations on the statistics that should be regularly produced for effectively monitoring them.