Confocal imaging-guided laser ablation of basal cell carcinomas: an ex vivo study.

Confocal imaging-guided laser ablation of basal cell carcinomas: an ex vivo study.
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DOI:
10.1038/jid.2014.371
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发表时间:
2015-02
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Rajadhyaksha, Milind
Rajadhyaksha, Milind
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sierra, Heidy;Cordova, Miguel;Chen, Chih-Shan Jason;Rajadhyaksha, Milind

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激光消融是一种用于微创去除浅表和早期结节性基底细胞癌(BCC)的有前景的方法(Smucler等人,2008年、2012年)。可以以良好控制的方式以μ m薄层去除皮肤,从而增加对周围正常组织的保护。然而,组织被汽化,因此没有可用于立即组织病理学确认的组织。疗效往往是可变的,复发率(8.25%)低(Smucler等人,2008),与莫氏手术(2.1-3.5%)(Chren等人,2011,2013)、切除术(3.5-4.2%)和电切和刮除术(1.6-4.9%)相比。因此,激光消融治疗基底细胞癌的临床应用仍然有限。高分辨率的核水平光学成像方法,如反射共聚焦显微镜(RCM)(Nori et al 2004,Guitera et al 2012),可以通过直接检测患者体内残留基底细胞癌的存在或清除情况来指导激光消融,提供即时的组织病理学样反馈,以提高疗效。在人皮肤中用乙酸离体进行核对比的初步研究(Sierra等人,2013)和在体内用氯化铝(Chen等人,2014)揭示了消融后组织成像的可行性。然而,成像质量参差不齐。用脉冲掺铒钇铝石榴石(Er:YAG)激光器进行消融,脉冲持续时间为约250 μsec,产生约20 μm的热凝固的底层区域(Hohenleutner等人,1997年)。
Laser ablation is a promising approach for minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs)(Smucler et al., 2008, 2012). Skin can be removed in μm-thin layers in a well-controlled manner, increasing preservation of the surrounding normal tissue. However, tissue is vaporized such that there is none available for immediate histopathological confirmation. The efficacy tends to be variable and recurrence rate (8.25%) low (Smucler et al., 2008), compared to that reported for Mohs surgery (2.1–3.5%)(Chren et al. 2011, 2013), excision (3.5–4.2%) and electrodessication and curettage (1.6–4.9%). Thus, the implementation of laser ablation for BCCs in a clinical setting is still limited.A high-resolution nuclear-level optical imaging approach such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)(Nori et al 2004, Guitera et al 2012) may guide laser ablation by detecting the presence or clearance of residual BCCs directly on the patient, to provide immediate histopathology-like feedback to improve the efficacy. Preliminary studies in human skin ex vivo with acetic acid for nuclear contrast (Sierra et al., 2013) and in vivo with aluminum chloride (Chen et al., 2014) revealed feasibility of imaging in post-ablated tissue. However, the imaging was of variable quality. Ablation was performed with a pulsed Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) laser, with pulse duration of~ 250 μsec that produces an underlying zone of thermal coagulation of~ 20 μm (Hohenleutner et al., 1997).
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