Gesture, Segment, Prosody: Prosodic structure and tempo in a sonority model of articulatory dynamics
Gesture, Segment, Prosody: Prosodic structure and tempo in a sonority model of articulatory dynamics
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手势、片段、韵律：发音动力学响度模型中的韵律结构和节奏
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发表时间：
1992
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通讯作者：
J. Fletcher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Beckman;J. Edwards;J. Fletcher
关于语音建模最困难的事实之一是它在时间上展开。发音的语音结构可以用范畴属性和实体的永恒组织来表示--音素按顺序排列，音节按重音脚分组，等等。但是语音表征必须解释诸如物理事件这样的结构的实现。它必须能够描述，并最终预测，咬合运动和频谱变化的时间过程。声学语音学的早期研究表明，言语时机受到过多的影响，似乎存在复杂的相互作用（例如Klatt 1976）。在整体克里思、相邻音段的规格、重音位置或重音、相对于短语边界的位置等方面的变化下，测得的音段的声学持续时间差异很大，而且，任何一种语言规格（比如克里思或重音）所涉及的发音运动学在不同的说话人和条件下都表现出复杂的变化（例如，Gay 1981）。肢体运动（任务动力学）的一般模型的应用显示了通过将克里思和应力的持续相关性与诸如姿势刚度和幅度的动态参数的控制相关联来解决这种变化的希望（例如，Kelso et al . 1985; Ostry and芒霍尔1985）。然而，这些参数之间的映射和韵律结构的基本音韵规范尚未被理解。
Introduction One of the most difficult facts about speech to model is that it unfolds in time. The phonological structure of an utterance can be represented in terms of a timeless organization of categorical properties and entities – phonemes in sequence, syllables grouped into stress feet, and the like. But a phonetic representation must account for the realization of such structures as physical events. It must be able to describe, and ultimately to predict, the time course of the articulators moving and the spectrum changing. Early studies in acoustic phonetics demonstrated a plethora of influences on speech timing, with seemingly complex interactions (e.g. Klatt 1976). The measured acoustic durations of segments were shown to differ widely under variation in overall tempo, in the specification of adjacent segments, in stress placement or accentuation, in position relative to phrase boundaries, and so on. Moreover, the articulatory kinematics implicated in any one linguistic specification – tempo or stress, say – showed a complicated variation across speakers and conditions (e.g. Gay 1981). The application of a general model of limb movement (task dynamics) shows promise of resolving this variation by relating the durational correlates of tempo and stress to the control of dynamic parameters such as gestural stiffness and amplitude (e.g. Kelso et al . 1985; Ostry and Munhall 1985). However, the mapping between these parameters and the underlying phonological specification of prosodic structure is not yet understood.