Should social scientists be distanced from or engaged with the people they study?

Should social scientists be distanced from or engaged with the people they study?
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社会科学家应该与他们研究的人保持距离还是接触?

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1721167115
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Medin, Douglas L.
Medin, Douglas L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nzinga, Kalonji;Rapp, David N.;Leatherwood, Christopher;Easterday, Matthew;Rogers, Leoandra Onnie;Gallagher, Natalie;Medin, Douglas L.

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这篇评论集中在行为科学中的两个重要对比:(1)默认与非默认研究人群,默认样本被不成比例地使用(对于心理学,默认是主要研究型大学的本科生),以及(2)对研究样本采取疏远与亲密(参与)的态度。以前的研究表明,这些对比之间存在很强的相关性,默认样本和遥远的视角是常态。保持距离有时被认为是客观性的必要条件,参与性取向有时被批评为有偏见的倡导性研究,特别是如果研究人员与研究人群共享一个社会群体成员(例如,研究黑人男性学生的黑人男性研究员)。研究样本缺乏多样性,这是因为研究人员本身缺乏多样性。默认样本的显著性和先前研究中的距离为非默认样本的参与研究创造了潜在(和假定)风险因素。然而,遥远的视角也会带来风险,特别是对非违约人群的研究。我们认为,参与式研究可以有效地鼓励关注研究背景,并采取研究样本的角度来看,这两者都是很好的研究实践。更广泛地说,我们认为社会和教育科学需要怀疑,兴趣和参与,而不是疏远。在研究中培养一种参与的观点也可以培养更多样化的社会科学家群体。
This commentary focuses on two important contrasts in the behavioral sciences: (i) default versus nondefault study populations, where default samples have been used disproportionately (for psychology, the default is undergraduates at major research universities), and (ii) the adoption of a distant versus close (engaged) attitude toward study samples. Previous research has shown a strong correlation between these contrasts, where default samples and distant perspectives are the norm. Distancing is sometimes seen as necessary for objectivity, and an engaged orientation is sometimes criticized as biased, advocacy research, especially if the researcher shares a social group membership with the study population (e.g., a black male researcher studying black male students). The lack of diversity in study samples has been paralleled by a lack of diversity in the researchers themselves. The salience of default samples and distancing in prior research creates potential (and presumed) risk factors for engaged research with nondefault samples. However, a distant perspective poses risks as well, and particularly so for research with nondefault populations. We suggest that engaged research can usefully encourage attention to the study context and taking the perspective of study samples, both of which are good research practices. More broadly, we argue that social and educational sciences need skepticism, interestedness, and engagement, not distancing. Fostering an engaged perspective in research may also foster a more diverse population of social scientists.
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