GLOBAL EXTENT, DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF ACID SOILS
GLOBAL EXTENT, DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF ACID SOILS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00009558
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
MUTERT, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
VONUEXKULL, HR;MUTERT, E
酸性土壤约占世界无冰土地面积的30%或3950万公顷，主要分布在两个全球性地带，它们是在干旱或干旱的水分条件下发育起来的。北方地带（冷温带气候）主要为灰壤、淋溶土、初成土和组织土，而南方热带地带主要为淋溶土和氧化土。67%的酸性土壤为森林和林地，约18%为稀树草原、大草原和干草原植被。只有4.5%（1.79亿公顷）的酸性土壤用于种植农作物。另有3 300万公顷用于种植多年生热带作物。这些地区的年产值约为1 290亿美元。酸性土壤上的森林、林地和永久牧场的产品价值难以评估，热带和湿地森林在全球、区域和地方生态系统平衡方面发挥着宝贵作用，并对植物群、动物群和水资源起着保护作用。虽然北方地带的酸性土壤越来越受到保护和重新造林，对木材的破坏性开采和滥用现代轮垦法，在本世纪后半叶，2.5亿公顷的热带森林被严重侵蚀和退化的酸性土壤上留下了大片的人类稀树草原。作者认为，热带地区应集中在这些森林被砍伐和酸性土壤退化的废弃地区。然而，如果没有大量的初始投资和适当的技术，这将是困难的。提出了一个三步发展办法，这可能有助于防止或制止每年破坏500万以上。公顷的热带森林。这将有助于保护热带酸性土壤上脆弱的自然生态系统，这些土壤现在被认为是地球上未来生命不可或缺的。
Acid soils occupy approximately 30% or 3950 m ha of the world's ice free land area and occur mainly in two global belts where they have developed under udic or ustic moisture regimes. The northern belt (cold and temperate climate) is dominated by Spodosols, Alfisols, Inceptisols and Histosols and the southern tropical belt consists largely of Ultisols and Oxisols.Sixty-seven percent of the acid soils support forests and woodlands and approximately 18% are covered by savanna, prairie and steppe vegetation. Only 4.5% (179 m ha) of the acid soil area is used for arable crops. A further 33 m ha is utilized for perennial tropical crops. The value of the annual production in these areas is approximately US$ 129 billion. Value of products from forests, woodlands and permanent pastures on acid soils is difficult to evaluate.Forests of the tropics and wetlands have an invaluable role in global, regional and local ecosystem balance and a protective role for flora, fauna and water resources. While acid soils in the northern belt are increasingly protected and reafforested, the destructive exploitation of timber and abusive modern shifting cultivation have contributed to the loss of > 250 million ha of tropical forest during the second half of this century leaving vast areas of anthropic savannas on heavily eroded and degraded acid soils.The authors believe that attempts to develop acid soils for agriculture and agroforestry in the tropics should concentrate on these deforested and abandoned areas of degraded acid soils. However, this will be difficult without significant initial investment and adequate technology. A three step development approach is suggested, which could help prevent or halt the annual destruction of > 5 mill. ha tropical forests by ''untraditional shifting cultivators''. It would help to protect the fragile natural ecosystems on tropical acid soils now considered to be indispensable for the future life on earth.