Two-Level Atom-Field Interaction: Exact Master Equations for Non-Markovian Dynamics, Decoherence and Relaxation
Two-Level Atom-Field Interaction: Exact Master Equations for Non-Markovian Dynamics, Decoherence and Relaxation
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DOI：
10.1103/physreva.62.033821
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发表时间：
1999-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Charis Anastopoulos;B. Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Charis Anastopoulos;B. Hu
通过对一般主方程的第一性原理推导，研究了二能级原子与电磁场相互作用系统的非马尔可夫动力学行为。我们使用的影响泛函方法，可以考虑到完全的反作用的原子上的场，而采用格拉斯曼变量的2LA和相干态表示的电动势。我们发现确切的主方程的情况下，自由量子场和腔场在真空中。为了寻找在离子阱原型中保持量子计算中最大相干性的机制，我们应用这些方程来分析EMF中2LA的退相干，并得出退相干时间接近弛豫时间。这与研究同一系统但使用不同耦合模型的作者的主张不同。我们解释了差异的来源，并认为，与普遍的看法相反，电磁场共振耦合到一个原子时，并不decohere它有效地作为一个浴上的量子布朗粒子。这里导出的非马尔可夫动力学的主方程预计将有助于探索新的制度的2LA-电动势相互作用，这是成为物理上重要的实验。
We perform a first- principles derivation of the general master equation to study the non-Markovian dynamics of a two-level atom (2LA) interacting with an electromagnetic field (EMF). We use the influence functional method which can incorporate the full backreaction of the field on the atom, while adopting Grassmannian variables for the 2LA and the coherent state representation for the EMF. We find exact master equations for the cases of a free quantum field and a cavity field in the vacuum. In response to the search for mechanisms to preserve maximal coherence in quantum computations in ion trap prototypes, we apply these equations to analyse the decoherence of a 2LA in an EMF, and fine that decoherence time is close to relaxation time. This is at variance to the claims by authors who studied the same system but used a different coupling model. We explain the source of difference and argue that, contrary to common belief, the EMF when resonantly coupled to an atom does not decohere it as efficiently as a bath does on a quantum Brownian particle. The master-equations for non-Markovian dynamics derived here is expected to be useful for exploring new regimes of 2LA-EMF interaction, which is becoming physically important experimentally.