Phantoms and fabrications: Young children's detection of implausible lies
Phantoms and fabrications: Young children's detection of implausible lies
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00499
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发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Talwar, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, K;Cameron, CA;Talwar, V
本研究调查了幼儿是否容易上当并容易被他人的谎言所欺骗。具体来说，这项研究调查了当幼儿的陈述违反了他们正在发展的现实与幻想之间的区别知识时，他们是否会相信说谎者的陈述。在前三个实验中，向 3 至 6 岁的孩子（N = 293）展示了一个故事或一个现场表演的活动，其中一个人对自己的不当行为做出了令人难以置信的陈述（声称有一个鬼魂从书中跳出来并打碎了玻璃）。获得了显着的年龄效应：5岁和6岁的孩子倾向于报告做出令人难以置信的陈述的人实际上犯下了罪行，而3岁和4岁的孩子倾向于接受主角的主张。实验4显示，5岁和6岁的孩子（N = 43）不仅不相信某人的难以置信的陈述，而且还推断该人在撒谎并且有欺骗的意图。相比之下，“实验 5 表明，3 岁和 4 岁的孩子（N = 41）很难相信一个人对无生命物体的难以置信的说法（即椅子复活并打碎了玻璃的说法）。研究结果表明，5 岁和 6 岁的孩子并不像以前想象的那么容易上当受骗，他们利用自己丰富的现实世界知识来发现替罪羊的谎言。相比之下，许多年幼的孩子倾向于相信别人难以置信的谎言，这可能是因为辨别此类谎言所需的知识尚未得到巩固。
The present study investigated whether young children are gullible and readily deceived by another's lies. Specifically, this study examined whether young children believe a lie teller's statement when the statement violates their developing knowledge of a distinction between reality and fantasy. In the first three experiments 3- to 6-year-olds (N = 293) were presented with either a story or a live staged event in which an individual made an implausible statement about a misdeed (claiming that a ghost jumped out of a book and broke a glass). A significant age effect was obtained: 5- and 6-year-olds tended to report that the individual who made the implausible statement had actually committed the misdeed, whereas 3- and 4-year-olds tended to accept the claim of the protagonist. Experiment 4 revealed that 5- and 6-year-olds (N = 43) not only disbelieved an individual's implausible statement but also inferred that the individual was lying and had a deceptive intent. In contrast, 'Experiment 5 revealed that 3- and 4-year-olds (N = 41) had difficulty disbelieving an individual's implausible claim about an inanimate object (i.e., the claim that a chair came alive and broke the glass). The findings suggest that 5- and 6-year-olds are not so gullible as previously thought, and that they use their well-developed real-world knowledge to detect scapegoating lies. In contrast, many younger children tend to believe another's implausible lies, perhaps due to the fact that the knowledge needed to detect such lies has not yet been consolidated.