Damming the transnational Ayeyarwady basin. Hydropower and the water-energy nexus
Damming the transnational Ayeyarwady basin. Hydropower and the water-energy nexus
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.048
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
T. Hennig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Hennig
艾耶罗瓦迪盆地是亚洲最大的跨国河流流域之一，由缅甸、中国和印度共同拥有，理论上具有4500万千瓦的巨大水电潜力。目前，装机容量约为3300万千瓦的水电项目已经处于不同的开发阶段。项目包括一些世界上规模最大、最具争议性的项目(例如密松)。其中640万兆瓦已经安装在187个水电项目(≥1兆瓦)中。尽管具有巨大的相关性，跨国的艾耶罗瓦迪盆地仍然属于鲜为人知的盆地，这在很大程度上归因于其较小的中国部分。然而，目前的知识仅限于缅甸部分，那里只有16个项目。相比之下，中国部分有多个项目−174(18个大项目和156个小项目)，包括最大的盆地项目(大营-4：875亿兆瓦)。小型和大型项目的结合使中国段成为世界上人口最密集(小型)的水电集水区之一。整个流域约一半的水电发电量出口到能源匮乏的广东省(来自两国)，近四分之一用于中国这一狭小地区的能源密集型行业；因此，目前该流域仅有约30%的发电(水力发电)用于家庭、工业等。这导致了复杂的水-能源关系，由于许多项目直接位于边境地区，错综复杂的地缘政治环境使其变得复杂。本文描述了基于Darrin Magee的动力棚方法的结点。
The Ayeyarwady basin, one of Asia's largest transnational river basins, shared by Myanmar, China and India, has an immense theoretical hydropower potential of 45 GW. Currently hydropower projects with an approximate capacity of 33 GW are already in various stages of development. Projects include some of the world's largest and most controversial endeavours (e.g. Myitsone). Of these projects 6.4 GW are already installed in 187 hydropower projects (≥1 MW). Despite its huge relevance, the transnational Ayeyarwady basin still belongs to the less known basins, which is largely attributed to its small Chinese section. However, the current knowledge is limited to Myanmar's segment where a limited number of 16 projects exist. In contrast, there are a multitude of projects −174 (18 large and 156 small) - in the Chinese section, including the basins largest one (Daying-4: 875 MW). The combination of small and large projects makes the Chinese section one of the most dense (small) hydropower catchments worldwide. About half of the entire basin's hydropower output is exported to the energy starved Guangdong province (from both countries) and almost another quarter is used for energy intensive industries in the tiny Chinese section; hence currently only about 30% of the basin's generated (hydro-)electricity is used there for households, industry, etc. This results in a complex water-energy nexus that is complicated by a tangled geopolitical setting directly in the border region, where many projects are located. This paper describes that nexus based on Darrin Magee's powershed approach.