Vegetation fire smoke, indigenous status and cardio-respiratory hospital admissions in Darwin, Australia, 1996-2005: a time-series study
Vegetation fire smoke, indigenous status and cardio-respiratory hospital admissions in Darwin, Australia, 1996-2005: a time-series study
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-7-42
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发表时间：
2008-08-05
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Morgan, Geoffrey G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanigan, Ivan C.;Johnston, Fay H.;Morgan, Geoffrey G.
背景：澳大利亚北部达尔文市的空气污染主要来自周围热带稀树草原的季节性火灾产生的烟雾，这些火灾在4月至11月的旱季燃烧。我们的目的是研究1996年至2005年每个火灾季节小于或等于10微米直径的颗粒物（PM10）与每日因心肺疾病住院的急诊人数之间的关系。我们还调查了这种关系在澳大利亚原住民中是否有所不同；一个弱势群体。方法：使用先前验证的模型，根据能见度数据估计城市人口的每日PM10暴露水平。我们使用带有时间和气象参数平滑函数的过分散泊松广义线性模型来检查入院人数与PM10之间的关系，该关系长达三天。纳入土著地位与PM10之间的相互作用，以审查对土著人民影响的差异。结果：我们发现了正相关和负相关，我们的估计有很宽的置信区间。呼吸系统疾病与PM10之间普遍呈正相关，但与心血管疾病无关。当天估计的环境PM10增加10 μ g/m(3)与总呼吸入院人数增加4.81% （95%Cl: - 1.04%, 11.01%）相关。当评估原住民身份和PM10之间的相互作用时，发现PM10与3天后入院的原住民呼吸道感染（15.02%;95%Cl: 3.73%, 27.54%）与非原住民（0.67%;95%Cl: - 7.55%, 9.61%）之间存在统计学差异。对心血管疾病的估计普遍为负。对于非土著入院者，当天环境PM10和入院者与心血管总入院率的估计相关性为-3.43% (95%Cl: - 9.00%, 2.49%)，土著入院者的估计相关性为-3.78% (95%Cl: - 13.4%, 6.91%)，尽管环境PM10确实与两天后和三天后土著人的心血管入院率呈正相关（不显著）。结论：我们观察到植被火灾烟雾与土著居民呼吸系统疾病的每日住院率之间存在正相关关系。虽然这项研究受到使用估计而非测量暴露数据的限制，但结果与目前关于这种空气污染源的少量证据基础一致。
Background: Air pollution in Darwin, Northern Australia, is dominated by smoke from seasonal fires in the surrounding savanna that burn during the dry season from April to November. Our aim was to study the association between particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns diameter (PM10) and daily emergency hospital admissions for cardio-respiratory diseases for each fire season from 1996 to 2005. We also investigated whether the relationship differed in indigenous Australians; a disadvantaged population sub-group.Methods: Daily PM10 exposure levels were estimated for the population of the city from visibility data using a previously validated model. We used over-dispersed Poisson generalized linear models with parametric smoothing functions for time and meteorology to examine the association between admissions and PM10 up to three days prior. An interaction between indigenous status and PM10 was included to examine differences in the impact on indigenous people.Results: We found both positive and negative associations and our estimates had wide confidence intervals. There were generally positive associations between respiratory disease and PM10 but not with cardiovascular disease. An increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in same-day estimated ambient PM10 was associated with a 4.81% (95%Cl: - 1.04%, 11.01%) increase in total respiratory admissions. When the interaction between indigenous status and PM10 was assessed a statistically different association was found between PM10 and admissions three days later for respiratory infections of indigenous people (15.02%; 95%Cl: 3.73%, 27.54%) than for non-indigenous people (0.67%; 95%Cl: - 7.55%, 9.61%). There were generally negative estimates for cardiovascular conditions. For non-indigenous admissions the estimated association with total cardiovascular admissions for same day ambient PM10 and admissions was -3.43% (95%Cl: - 9.00%, 2.49%) and the estimate for indigenous admissions was -3.78% (95%Cl: - 13.4%, 6.91%), although ambient PM10 did have positive (non-significant) associations with cardiovascular admissions of indigenous people two and three days later.Conclusion: We observed positive associations between vegetation fire smoke and daily hospital admissions for respiratory diseases that were stronger in indigenous people. While this study was limited by the use of estimated rather than measured exposure data, the results are consistent with the currently small evidence base concerning this source of air pollution.