235–275 GHz (x16) frequency multiplier chains with up to 0 dBm peak output power and low DC power consumption
235–275 GHz (x16) frequency multiplier chains with up to 0 dBm peak output power and low DC power consumption
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DOI：
10.1109/rfic.2014.6851691
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Sarmah;B. Heinemann;U. Pfeiffer
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Sarmah;B. Heinemann;U. Pfeiffer
本文提出了一种适用于200 GHz以上高速通信和雷达应用的宽带x16乘法器链。X16的拓扑结构基于4个基于Gilbert单元的级联倍频器，没有任何混合器和中间驱动放大器。外部输入频率低(14-17.5 GHz)，支持使用非常低功率的分频器，还可以与20 GHz以下的商用合成器接口。实现了两个版本的电路。版本1是独立的x16链，版本2是版本1加上宽带3级功放。对于版本1，测量的峰值输出功率为-8.5 dBm，带宽为40 GHz，直流功耗为0.3 W。版本2的峰值输出功率为0 dBm，带宽为30 GHz，带宽为30 GHz，直流功耗为0.7 W。这些结果是单端在片上测量，没有显示输出焊盘和巴伦造成的2.5分贝损耗。可用于驱动片上组件(如混频器、天线等)的差分输出功率对于版本1是-6 dBm，对于版本2是2.5 dBm。此外，还描述了工作在240 GHz的宽带功率放大器的分支结构。在30 GHz带宽上，3级和4级在240 GHz处的峰值功率增益分别为7和10分贝。在240 GHz处测得的PSAT为5dBm。
Wideband x16 multiplier chains targeted for high speed communication and radar applications above 200 GHz are presented in this paper. The x16 topology is based on 4 cascaded Gilbert-cell-based frequency doublers without any hybrids and intermediate drive amplifiers. The low external input frequency (14-17.5 GHz), enables the use of very low-power frequency dividers and also interfacing with commercial synthesisers below 20 GHz. Two versions of the circuit were implemented. Version 1 is a standalone x16 chain and Version 2 is Version 1 plus wideband 3-stage PA. For Version 1, the measured peak output power is -8.5 dBm at 255 GHz with 40 GHz bandwidth (3 dB) and dc power consumption of 0.3 W. For Version 2, the peak output power is 0 dBm at 245 GHz with 30 GHz bandwidth (3 dB) and 0.7 W dc power consumption. These results are single ended on-wafer measurements without dembeding the 2.5 dB loss due to the output pad and balun. The available differential output power, to drive on-chip components like mixers, antennas etc, is -6 dBm for Version 1 and 2.5 dBm for Version 2. Additionally, break out sructures for wideband PAs operating at 240 GHz were characterised. The peak power gain at 240 GHz was 7 and 10 dB for the 3 and 4 stages respectively over a 30 GHz bandwidth. The measured Psat was 5 dBm at 240 GHz.