Detection of imidacloprid and metabolites in Northern Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) brains
Detection of imidacloprid and metabolites in Northern Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) brains
复制标题
北豹蛙 (Rana pipiens) 脑中吡虫啉及其代谢物的检测
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152424
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Kerby, J.L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, K.S.;Keller, P.G.;Heinzel, L.M.;Golovko, S.A.;Seeger, D.R.;Golovko, M.Y.;Kerby, J.L.
新烟碱类化合物是一种新型的高水溶性杀虫剂，用于农业实践中消除害虫。新烟碱类化合物几乎不可逆地与无脊椎动物中枢神经系统中的突触后烟碱乙酰胆碱受体结合，导致过度刺激、麻痹和死亡。吡虫啉是最常用的类烟碱，经常通过地下瓷砖排水沟转移到附近的湿地，已被确定为几种水生非目标生物的神经毒素。本研究的目的是确定在暴露于0、0.1、1、5或10 μg/L的浓度下21天后，吡虫啉是否可以穿过成年北方豹蛙（Rana pipiens）的血脑屏障。此外，我们量化了吡虫啉的分解产物，吡虫啉-烯烃，并进行了饲养试验，以更好地了解吡虫啉如何随着时间的推移影响觅食行为。暴露组的大脑中有12至313倍以上的吡虫啉相对于控制和分解产物显示出剂量反应关系。此外，与水暴露浓度相比，10 μg/L处理的吡虫啉脑浓度约高14倍，表明吡虫啉可在两栖动物脑中生物累积。与对照组相比，治疗组对食物刺激的反应时间慢1.5至3.2倍。此外，平均响应时间和对数转换的吡虫啉脑浓度之间存在正相关关系。这些结果表明，吡虫啉可以成功地通过血脑屏障和生物蓄积在成年两栖动物。我们的研究结果还提供了深入了解吡虫啉脑浓度和随后改变觅食行为之间的关系。
Neonicotinoids are a new type of highly water-soluble insecticide used in agricultural practices to eliminate pests. Neonicotinoids bind almost irreversibly to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of invertebrates, resulting in overstimulation, paralysis, and death. Imidacloprid, the most commonly used neonicotinoid, is often transported to nearby wetlands through subsurface tile drains and has been identified as a neurotoxin in several aquatic non-target organisms. The aim of the present study was to determine if imidacloprid could cross the blood-brain barrier in adult Northern Leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) following exposure to 0, 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 μg/L for 21 days. Additionally, we quantified the breakdown product of imidacloprid, imidacloprid-olefin, and conducted feeding trials to better understand how imidacloprid affects foraging behavior over time. Exposure groups had 12 to 313 times more imidacloprid in the brain relative to the control and breakdown products showed a dose-response relationship. Moreover, imidacloprid brain concentrations were approximately 14 times higher in the 10 μg/L treatment compared to the water exposure concentration, indicating imidacloprid can bioaccumulate in the amphibian brain. Reaction times to a food stimulus were 1.5 to 3.2 times slower among treatment groups compared to the control. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between mean response time and log-transformed imidacloprid brain concentration. These results indicate imidacloprid can successfully cross the blood-brain barrier and bioaccumulate in adult amphibians. Our results also provide insights into the relationship between imidacloprid brain concentration and subsequent altered foraging behavior.