Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution Due to Cooking with Biomass Fuel
Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution Due to Cooking with Biomass Fuel
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-19096-9_14
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dona Sinha;M. R. Ray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dona Sinha;M. R. Ray
在亚洲、撒哈拉以南非洲和拉丁美洲的贫穷发展中国家，由于家庭日常使用未经加工的固体生物质（如木材、粪便和作物残渣）做饭而造成的室内空气污染是一种严重的健康危害。全球有28亿人使用生物质作为家庭能源。生物质的不完全燃烧会释放出含有大量可能损害健康的颗粒和气体污染物的烟雾，其中一些如苯并（a）芘、1，3-丁二烯和苯是已知的人类致癌物。生物质燃烧引起的IAP是造成死亡率和发病率过高的原因。据估计，有400万人死亡，主要是由于心肺原因，是由于生物质的使用。儿童、妇女和老年人是最脆弱的群体。长期吸入生物质烟雾会导致肺功能下降，增加患危及生命的慢性阻塞性肺病的风险，引起肺部和全身炎症以及随之而来的氧化应激，并有助于高血压和心血管疾病的发展。每天家庭用生物质烹饪与贫血、血小板过度活跃以及免疫细胞数量和活性改变的发生率较高相关。由生物质烟雾产生的氧化应激介导暴露细胞中的染色体和DNA损伤以及DNA修复机制的损伤。此外，慢性吸入生物质烟雾上调蛋白激酶B/Akt信号传导和气道细胞的化生和异型增生，这意味着肺癌的风险增加。用生物质烹饪的妇女也改变了多巴胺能活性，抑郁症患病率更高。因此，家庭用生物质做饭造成的IAP对人们的身心健康都产生了不利影响。
Indoor air pollution (IAP) due to daily household cooking with unprocessed solid biomass such as wood, dung and crop residues is a serious health hazard in the poor, developing countries of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Globally, 2.8 billion people use biomass for domestic energy. Incomplete combustion of biomass emits smoke that contains a host of potentially health-damaging particulate and gaseous pollutants, some of which like benzo(a)pyrene, 1,3-butadiene and benzene are known human carcinogens. IAP from biomass burning is responsible for excess mortality and morbidity. An estimated four million deaths, mostly from cardio-pulmonary causes, have been attributed to biomass use. Children, women and the elderly people are most vulnerable. Chronic inhalation of biomass smoke induces lung function decrement, increases the risk of life-threatening chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, evokes pulmonary and systemic inflammation and consequent oxidative stress, and contributes to the development of hypertension and cardio-vascular diseases. Daily household cooking with biomass was associated with higher incidences of anemia, platelet hyperactivity, and altered number and activities of the immune cells. Oxidative stress generated by biomass smoke mediates chromosomal and DNA damage and impairment in DNA repair mechanism in the exposed cells. In addition, chronic inhalation of biomass smoke up-regulates protein kinase B/Akt signaling and metaplasia and dysplasia of airway cells, implying increased risk of lung cancer. Women who cooked with biomass also had altered serotonergic activity with greater prevalence of depression. Thus, IAP due to household cooking with biomass adversely affects both physical and mental health of the people.