Long-Term Persistence of Steppe Vegetation in the Highlands of Arasbaran Protected Area, Northwestern Iran, as Inferred from a Pollen Record
Long-Term Persistence of Steppe Vegetation in the Highlands of Arasbaran Protected Area, Northwestern Iran, as Inferred from a Pollen Record
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DOI：
10.1080/01916122.2019.1702117
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发表时间：
2020-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Elias Ramezani;T. Talebi;Kamaledin Alizadeh;A. Shirvany;B. Hamzeh'ee;H. Behling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elias Ramezani;T. Talebi;Kamaledin Alizadeh;A. Shirvany;B. Hamzeh'ee;H. Behling
摘要对伊朗西北部阿拉斯巴兰地区高海拔沼泽中的一个短沉积岩心进行了孢粉学分析和放射性碳测年，揭示了长期的植被动态、气候变化和人类活动的影响。我们的发现表明了半荒漠草原植被的普遍存在，各种菊科植物--主要是莴苣科--的种类从3000年到1440cal年。在这一时期之后，蒿属植物的发病率较高。和十字花科(1440-1330calyrBP)，莴苣科(1330-1030calyrBP)和十字花科(1030-330calyrBP)的重新扩张，最后是石竹科(330calyrBP)。伊朗西北部高地重建的长达数千年的干燥气候与东地中海其他地点的气候重建很好地一致。在2100-1400和1000-350calyrBP之间的两个湿润条件阶段对应着阿拉斯巴兰地区栎类-Carpinus森林的高度扩张。该地区人类活动的最早迹象可以追溯到有记录以来，大约3000卡年前。在1350cal yrBP左右出现的核桃、平贝、山茱萸花粉小峰的出现，反映了果树栽培的暂时扩大。在上一个千年中，可归因于何首乌、大戟、车前和鲁梅克斯的花粉的出现表明草原植被的多样性，这可能反映了阿拉斯巴兰高地加强的农牧活动。根据我们的花粉记录，在过去的三千年里，加兰地区的区域植被基本保持稳定。然而，当地水文的变化导致湿地植被发生实质性变化。
ABSTRACT Palynological analysis and radiocarbon dating of a short sediment core from a high-altitude mire in the Arasbaran area of northwestern Iran reveals long-term vegetation dynamics, climate change and anthropogenic impact. Our findings indicate the prevalence of semi-desert steppe vegetation, with a variety of Asteraceae – mainly Lactuceae – species from 3000 to 1440cal yr BP. This period is followed by a higher occurrence of Artemisia spp. and Brassicaceae (1440–1330cal yr BP), a re-expansion of Lactuceae (1330–1030cal yr BP) and Brassicaceae (1030–330cal yr BP) and, finally, Caryophyllaceae species (since 330cal yr BP). The reconstructed millennia-long dry climate in the highlands of northwestern Iran is in good accordance with climate reconstructions from other east Mediterranean sites. Two phases of moister conditions between 2100–1400 and 1000–350cal yr BP would correspond to altitudinal Quercus–Carpinus forest expansion in the Arasbaran area. The earliest indication of anthropogenic activity in the area dates back to the onset of the record, around 3000cal yr BP. The occurrence of small maxima of Juglans regia, Corylus avellana and Cornus mas pollen at around 1350cal yr BP is interpreted to reflect a temporary expansion of fruit cultivation. For the last millennium the occurrence of pollen attributable to Polygonum, Euphorbia, Plantago and Rumex suggests a diversification of steppe vegetation, which may reflect intensified agropastoral activities in the Arasbaran highlands. Based on our pollen record, the regional vegetation in the Kalan area remained largely stable over the last three millennia. However, changes in local hydrology caused substantial changes in wetland vegetation.