Reconstructing the ACM code of ethics and teaching computer ethics
Reconstructing the ACM code of ethics and teaching computer ethics
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重构 ACM 道德规范并教授计算机道德
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Gotterbarn
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Gotterbarn
新守则涵盖了更广泛的关注范围，各章节的组织依据是作为专业人士的责任水平的不断提高。第一部分涉及个人责任；第二，涉及与计算相关的特定道德问题的计算机专业人员的责任；第三，组织领导者的责任，负责考虑计算机系统更大的社会影响。在某些方面，新代码不如以前的代码具体，但涵盖了更多问题。新准则随附的指南更有助于帮助会员解释决策的必要性。总体而言，与之前的纪律规则相比，新准则为职业道德行为提供了更严格的约束和更多指导。关于新的 ACM 道德准则要问的一个基本问题是：计算机从业者可以使用它来做出道德决策吗？ Frankel [1] 将“良好”的职业道德准则描述如下： l) 它是一份授权文件，因为它“使”从业者能够做出正确的决定； 2）对不道德行为具有威慑作用； 3）它是公众对该职业评价的一个来源，事实上，它提高了该职业的声誉； 4）它是职业社会化的源泉，帮助培训中的从业者融入他们共同的价值观和职业目标； 5）为做出艰难的道德决定的成员提供支持系统（道德、法律、财务）； 6）为道德争议的裁决提供依据。到目前为止，我们可以说，ACM 道德和职业行为准则是伴随技术发展而不断发展的社会责任感的一个例子。它确实涵盖了计算机技术引起的所有广泛的道德问题，但不包括为计算机专业人员建立认证标准。该代码是否对公众对计算机专业人士的看法产生了影响，目前尚无定论。然而，与之前的准则相比，新准则为 ACM 会员提供了更多指导，以处理计算机领域进步所带来的新出现的道德问题。如果我们了解道德准则的各种功能，我们就能更好地使用它……
the new code covers a broader scope of concern, and the sections are organized based upon an increasing levels of responsibility as a professional. The first section relates to individual responsibility; the second, to the responsibilities of a computer professional with specific ethical concerns related to computing; and the third, to the responsibilities of an organizational leader who is charged to consider the greater social impact of computer systems. In some respects, the new code is less specific than the previous code, but it covers more issues. The guidelines accompanying the new code are more helpful in assisting the member to interpret the imperatives for decision-making. Overall the new code provides a stronger set of constraints and more direction for ethical professional behavior than the previous disciplinary rules. A fundamental question to ask about the new A C M Code of Ethics is: Can it be used by the computer practitioner in to make ethical decisions? Frankel [1] characterized a "good" code of ethics for a profession as follows: l) it is an enabling document in that it "enables" the practitioner to make the right decisions; 2) it is a deterrent to unethical behavior; 3) it is a source of public evaluation of the profession and, in fact, it enhances the reputation of profession; 4) it is a source of professional socialization, helping practitioners in training to become socialized into their shared values and goals of their profession; 5) it provides a support system (moral, legal, financial) to members who make tough ethical decisions; and 6) it provides a basis for the adjudication of ethical controversies. So far we can say that the A C M Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct is an example of the evolving sense of social responsibility that has accompanied the developing technology. It does encompass all of the broad issues of ethical concern raised by computer technology, except for the establishment of certification standards for computer professionals. The jury is still out on whether the code has had any impact on public perception of the computing professional. C o m p a r e d to its predecessor, however, the new code provides more direction to the A C M membership to deal with emerging ethical issues resulting from advancements in the computer field. I f we understand the various functions of a code of ethics we are in better position to use it …