SELECTION OF OFFSPRING SIZE AT INDEPENDENCE AND OTHER SIZE-VERSUS-NUMBER STRATEGIES
SELECTION OF OFFSPRING SIZE AT INDEPENDENCE AND OTHER SIZE-VERSUS-NUMBER STRATEGIES
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DOI：
10.1086/284676
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发表时间：
1987-06-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
LLOYD, DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LLOYD, DG
提出了选择大小-数量折衷的连续分析模型，并将其应用于选择每个后代直到其独立之前的亲代投资金额。在进化稳定策略中，后代投资增加所带来的后代成功的比例增益等于后代数量的比例损失。平行边际值定理适用于护理量的不连续变化。当选择直接影响后代的大小而不是数量时，进化上稳定的照顾水平仅取决于将单个后代的适应度与所获得的资源量相关联的适应度曲线。描述了减少育雏的一般条件。连续模型的一个更具体的快速增益版本表明，父母的照顾量主要受到后代成功率迅速提高的照顾水平的影响。该模型可以解释观察到的亲代照顾量的各种差异，例如 r 选择物种与 K 选择物种的差异。 r-和 K-选择理论的一位未被认可的前辈 E. J. Salisbury 的工作得到了认可。还有许多其他尺寸数量折衷，包括重复植物结构和每年繁殖数量的折衷以及其他“包装”策略，可以应用与亲本策略平行的模型。
A continuous, analytical model of the selection of size-number compromises is presented and applied to the selection of the amount of parental investment in each offspring until its independence. At the evolutionarily stable strategy, the proportional gain in the success of an offspring from an increment in the investment in the offspring equals the proportional loss in offspring numbers. A parallel marginal-value theorem applies to discontinuous variation in the amount of care. When selection acts directly on offspring size rather than on number, the evolutionarily stable level of care depends only on the fitness curve relating the fitness of single offspring to the amount of resources received. General conditions for brood reduction are described. A more-specific rapid-gain version of the continuous model suggests that the amount of parental care is influenced primarily by the level of care at which offspring success increases rapidly. The model can explain various observed differences in amounts of parental care, such as those of r-selected versus K-selected species. The work of an unrecognized predecessor of r- and K-selection theory, E. J. Salisbury, is acknowledged. There are many other size-number compromises, including those for repeated plant structures and for the number of broods per year and other "packaging" strategies, to which models paralleling those for parental strategies can be applied.