Effects of changes in soil moisture and precipitation patterns on plant-mediated biotic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems
Effects of changes in soil moisture and precipitation patterns on plant-mediated biotic interactions in terrestrial ecosystems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11258-018-0893-4
复制
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
J. Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Walter
由于气候变化，全球降水的数量、频率和强度正在发生变化。越来越多的证据表明，水文变化严重影响物种的相互作用，这些影响可能会压倒直接的生态反应，尽管目前这方面的研究还不够充分。在这里，我综合了405种相互作用的已发表数据，以显示土壤湿度的变化如何影响植物介导的生物相互作用的频率或强度。尽管发表的回应存在很大差异，但总体模式已经显现。综合研究中一个反复出现的发现是，干燥阻碍了植物与其他生物之间的有益相互作用（减少菌根化和与其他共生内生菌的感染，减少传粉者的访问，减少活跃的分解者），并增加了有害相互作用（增加吸吮昆虫的性能，病原体感染和功能相似的植物之间的竞争）。对于增加的湿度，研究很少，胁迫强度似乎很重要：轻微增加的降水通常有利于植物和相关的相互作用伙伴（增加菌根和共生内生菌的感染，增加草食动物的表现），而极端的内涝或洪水阻碍了许多相互作用（减少分解者活动和菌根）。土壤湿度变化对植物群落组成的遗留效应可以放大或逆转相互作用的短期效应。尽管一些概念承认应力强度（轻度与重度）和应力类型（永久与脉冲）的作用，但与测试相关的实证研究在很大程度上是缺乏的，就像对土壤水分遗产在相互作用中的作用的研究一样。
Due to climate change, the amount, frequency, and intensity of precipitation worldwide are changing. There is increasing evidence that hydrological change severely affects species interactions and that these effects might overrule direct autecological responses, although this is currently understudied. Here, I synthesize published data on 405 interactions to show how changes in soil moisture affect the frequency or strength of plant-mediated biotic interactions. Despite substantial variation among published responses, general patterns have emerged. A recurrent finding in the synthesized studies is that dryness impedes beneficial interactions between plants and other organisms (decreased mycorrhization and infection with other symbiotic endophytes, less pollinator visits, less active decomposers) and increases detrimental interactions (increased performance of sucking insects, pathogen infection and competition between functionally similar plants). For increased wetness, which is far less studied, stress intensity seems to matter: Slightly increased precipitation often benefits plants and thereby associated interaction partners (increased mycorrhization and infection with symbiotic endophytes, increased herbivore performance), while extreme waterlogging or flooding impedes many interactions (decreased decomposer activity and mycorrhization). Legacy effects of changed soil moisture on plant community composition can amplify or reverse short-term effects on interactions. Although some concepts acknowledge the role of stress intensity (mild versus severe) and stress type (permanent versus pulsed) empirical research testing-related hypotheses is largely lacking, as is research on the role of soil moisture legacies for interactions.