The assessment of radiation exposures in native American communities from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada
The assessment of radiation exposures in native American communities from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada
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DOI：
10.1111/0272-4332.00010
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Quigley, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frohmberg, E;Goble, R;Quigley, D
在20世纪50年代和60年代，居住在内华达试验场下风的广大地区的印第安人受到了核武器试验的大量辐射暴露。由于饮食、活动和住房的不同，他们的辐射暴露在能源部的剂量重建中只是非常不完美地反映出来。还有一些重要的缺失途径，包括因食用小型野味而暴露于放射性碘。剂量重建模型关于牛在一年中喂养做法的假设不太可能像其他关于饮食的模型假设一样适用于土著社区。因此，饮用牛奶和食用蔬菜对这些社区的影响还没有得到适当的估计。通过与受影响社区的成员协商，可以纠正这些缺陷，并将剂量重建扩展到美洲原住民。通过一个样本计算来估计在色当试验后食用放射性碘污染的兔甲状腺对甲状腺的辐射暴露，说明了扩大剂量重建的可行性。接着讨论了如何使用计算结果对其他测试和其他位置进行估计。
Native Americans residing in a broad region downwind from the Nevada Test Site during the 1950s and 1960s received significant radiation exposures from nuclear weapons testing. Because of differences in diet, activities, and housing, their radiation exposures are only very imperfectly represented in the Department of Energy dose reconstructions. There are important missing pathways, including exposures to radioactive iodine from eating small game. The dose reconstruction model assumptions about cattle feeding practices across a year are unlikely to apply to the native communities as are other model assumptions about diet. Thus exposures Rom drinking milk and eating vegetables have not yet been properly estimated for these communities. Through consultations with members of the affected communities, these deficiencies could be corrected and the dose reconstruction extended to Native Americans. An illustration of the feasibility of extending the dose reconstruction is provided by a sample calculation to estimate radiation exposures to the thyroid from eating radio-iodine-contaminated rabbit thyroids after the Sedan test. The illustration is continued with a discussion of how the calculation results may be used to make estimates for other tests and other locations.