Biorefinery: Conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, energy and materials
Biorefinery: Conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, energy and materials
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DOI：
10.1166/jbmb.2008.302
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Liu, Shijie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amidon, Thomas E.;Wood, Christopher D.;Liu, Shijie
将生物质转化为化学品和能源对于维持我们今天已知的生活方式至关重要。化石燃料已成为当今主要的能源和化学品来源。然而，化石储量是有限的，在人类文明的时间尺度上是不可再生的。木质生物质是一种可靠的化学品和能源来源，可以按照我们的需求进行补充。生物精炼厂是一个概念，用于收集将生物质转化为化学品和能源的过程。生物精炼厂是一种“捕获和释放”的碳利用方式，对环境和经济都有利。由于其立体化学结构，木质生物质转化为平台化学品比谷物面临更多挑战。木质生物质可被认为由至少四种组分组成：提取物、半纤维素、木质素和纤维素。这四种成分中的每一种都具有不同程度的耐化学、热和生物降解性。ESF（纽约州立大学-环境科学与林业学院）提出的生物精炼厂概念旨在逐步分馏/转化，以实现主要组分的有效分离。热水提取是从木质生物质中去除提取物和半纤维素级分的第一步。提出了糖枫木片在160 ℃热水浸提2小时后的物料平衡。虽然提取物和半纤维素大部分被去除到提取液中，但纤维素和木质素大部分保留在残留的木质结构中。提取物中的低聚木糖和醋酸是最具开发潜力的主要成分。还讨论了其他四个技术步骤：水解;膜分离/浓缩;糖生物转化为生物燃料，化学品和生物聚合物;以及利用提取的木质生物质用于重组木制品，刨花板，燃料颗粒，进一步转化为平台化学品，纸浆，电力等。
Conversion of biomass to chemicals and energy is imperative to sustain our way of life as known to today. Fossil fuels have become the predominant energy and chemical source today. However, fossil deposits are limited and not renewable on a human civilization time scale. Woody biomass is a reliable source of chemicals and energy that could be replenished at a rate of consistent with our needs. The biorefinery is a concept for the collection of processes used to convert biomass to chemicals and energy. The Biorefinery is a "catch and release" way of using carbon that is beneficial to the environment and the economy. Woody biomass presents more challenges than cereal grains for conversion to platform chemicals due to its stereochemical structures. Woody biomass can be thought of as comprised of at least four components: extractives, hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose. Each of these four components has a different degree of resistance to chemical, thermal and biological degradation. The Biorefinery concept proposed at ESF (State University of New York - College of Environmental Science and Forestry) aims at step-wise fractionation/conversion to achieve efficient separation of major components. Hot-water extraction is the first step which removes extractives and hemicellulose fractions from woody biomass. A mass balance for sugar maple woodchips subject to hot-water extraction at 160 degrees C for two hours was presented. While extractives and hemicellulose are largely removed to the extraction liquor, cellulose and lignin largely remain with the residual woody structure. Xylo-oligomers and acetic acid in the extract are the major components having greatest potential value for development. Four other technological steps are also discussed: hydrolysis; membrane separation/concentration; biological conversion of sugars to biofuel, chemical, and biopolymers; and utilizations of the extracted woody biomass for reconstituted wood products, particle board, fuel pellets, further conversion to platform chemicals, pulp, electricity, etc.