Challenges in the use of animal models and perspectives for a translational view of stress and psychopathologies
Challenges in the use of animal models and perspectives for a translational view of stress and psychopathologies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104771
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发表时间：
2022-07-20
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Umeoka, Eduardo Henrique de Lima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barroca, Nayara Cobra Barreiro;Della Santa, Giovanna;Umeoka, Eduardo Henrique de Lima
神经生物学和应激相关神经精神障碍的治疗方法的发展严重依赖于动物模型。然而，这些疾病的复杂性使得很难完全建模，因此只能模拟人类精神病理学的特定特征，并且应该非常谨慎地使用这些模型。重要的是，压力的影响取决于多种因素，如持续时间，暴露环境和个体差异。本文就应激相关障碍的临床前研究，特别是创伤后应激障碍、重性抑郁症和焦虑症的临床前研究作一综述。动物模型提供了这些疾病的基础的相关证据，只要满足面子，结构和预测效度。学者们面临的翻译挑战包括还原论和拟人化/以动物为中心的解释结果，而不是一个更自然和进化的动物行为的理解，必须克服提供一个有意义的模型。其他的局限性是低的统计分析能力，个人的变异性，性别差异，以及可能的冲突影响的压力，这取决于特定的窗口，在生命周期的评价差。
The neurobiology and development of treatments for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders rely heavily on animal models. However, the complexity of these disorders makes it difficult to model them entirely, so only specific features of human psychopathology are emulated and these models should be used with great caution. Importantly, the effects of stress depend on multiple factors, like duration, context of exposure, and individual variability. Here we present a review on pre-clinical studies of stress-related disorders, especially those devel-oped to model posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, and anxiety. Animal models provide relevant evidence of the underpinnings of these disorders, as long as face, construct, and predictive validities are fulfilled. The translational challenges faced by scholars include reductionism and anthropomorphic/anthropocentric interpretation of the results instead of a more naturalistic and evolutionary understanding of animal behavior that must be overcome to offer a meaningful model. Other limitations are low statistical power of analysis, poor evaluation of individual variability, sex differences, and possible conflicting effects of stressors depending on specific windows in the lifespan.