The role of previous social experience on risk-taking and leadership in three-spined sticklebacks
The role of previous social experience on risk-taking and leadership in three-spined sticklebacks
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/aru146
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Manica, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jolles, Jolle W.;Fleetwood-Wilson, Adeline;Manica, Andrea
以前的社会经历可以增强或削弱未来的领导力，但仅限于大胆的人。通过将三刺刺鱼与不同的后续伙伴配对，我们发现先前伙伴的个性可以延续到以后的互动中并影响领导力，但不会影响跟随行为。只有大胆的人才会受到这些先前经历的影响。害羞的鱼大多对当前伙伴的行为做出反应。这些发现有助于理解群体内社会角色的出现和维持。领导者和追随者的出现是促进动物群体凝聚力的关键因素。研究表明，个体群体成员会对彼此的行为做出强烈反应，从而影响这些社会角色的出现和维持。然而，目前尚不清楚先前的社会经验在多大程度上仍然会影响个体在以后的社会交往中的主导和跟随倾向。在这里，通过将三刺刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）与两个不同的连续伙伴配对，我们展示了与新伙伴配对时前一个伙伴的性格对焦点个体的行为的影响。这种遗留效应取决于焦点人物的相对大胆程度。如果以前与更大胆的伙伴配对过，相对大胆但不害羞的鱼在隐蔽处花费的时间会更少，并且引导当前伙伴的时间也会更少。相比之下，追随行为主要受到当前伴侣性格的影响。总体而言，相对大胆的鱼在各个阶段的行为更加一致，而害羞的鱼根据当前环境更强烈地改变其行为。这些发现强调了先前社会互动的历史如何在群体内社会角色的出现和维持中发挥作用，为个体差异影响集体行为提供了另一条途径。
Previous social experiences can reinforce and impair future leadership, but only for the bold. By pairing 3-spined sticklebacks with different subsequent partners, we show that the personality of previous partners can carry over to later interactions and affect leadership but not following behavior. Only bold individuals were influenced by such previous experiences; shy fish were mostly responsive to their current partners actions. These findings help understand the emergence and maintenance of social roles within groups.The emergence of leaders and followers is a key factor in facilitating group cohesion in animals. Individual group members have been shown to respond strongly to each other's behavior and thereby affect the emergence and maintenance of these social roles. However, it is not known to what extent previous social experience might still affect individual's leading and following tendencies in later social interactions. Here, by pairing three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with 2 different consecutive partners, we show a carryover effect of a previous partner's personality on the behavior of focal individuals when paired with a new partner. This carryover effect depended on the relative boldness of the focal individual. Relatively bold but not shy fish spent less time out of cover and led their current partner less if they had previously been paired with a bolder partner. By contrast, following behavior was mainly influenced by the personality of the current partner. Overall, the behavior of relatively bold fish was more consistent across the stages, whereas shy fish changed their behavior more strongly depending on the current context. These findings emphasize how the history of previous social interactions can play a role in the emergence and maintenance of social roles within groups, providing an additional route for individual differences to affect collective behavior.