Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS Among Adolescents: Current Status, Inequities, and Data Gaps
Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS Among Adolescents: Current Status, Inequities, and Data Gaps
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/qai.0000000000000176
复制
发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Luo, Chewe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Idele, Priscilla;Gillespie, Amaya;Luo, Chewe
目的：为了检查10-19岁青少年的艾滋病毒感染率、知识、性行为和选定的艾滋病毒服务覆盖率的水平和模式，并强调数据差距和挑战。方法：数据来自联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署艾滋病毒估计数、全国代表性家庭调查、行为监测调查和已发表的文献。具体针对艾滋病毒的数据存在一些差距;但是，可以得出对方案拟订的重要影响。2012年，估计有210万10-19岁的青少年感染艾滋病毒，其中82%在撒哈拉以南非洲，其中大多数（58%）是女性。在大多数国家，对艾滋病毒、安全套使用、艾滋病毒检测和抗逆转录病毒治疗的全面准确知识覆盖率仍然很低。在低收入和中等收入国家，青春期少女的初次性行为过早（15岁以前发生性行为）比男孩更为普遍，这与这些国家的早婚和早育现象相一致。在低和集中流行的国家，艾滋病毒的流行率是最高的关键population.Conclusions：虽然现有的艾滋病毒相关的数据对青少年是有限的，增加艾滋病毒的脆弱性，在第二个十年的生活是显而易见的数据。改善青少年的数据收集、分析和报告系统对于监测进展和改善青少年的健康结果至关重要。需要更系统和更高质量的分类数据，以了解性别、年龄、地理和社会经济因素的差异，并解决公平和人权义务问题，特别是对关键人群而言。
Objectives: To examine levels and patterns of HIV prevalence, knowledge, sexual behavior, and coverage of selected HIV services among adolescents aged 10-19 years and highlight data gaps and challenges.Methods: Data were reviewed from Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS HIV estimates, nationally representative household surveys, behavioral surveillance surveys, and published literature.Results: A number of gaps exist for adolescent-specific HIV-related data; however, important implications for programming can be drawn. Eighty-two percent of the estimated 2.1 million adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV in 2012 were in sub-Saharan Africa, and the majority of these (58%) were females. Comprehensive accurate knowledge about HIV, condom use, HIV testing, and antiretroviral treatment coverage remain low in most countries. Early sexual debut (sex before 15 years of age) is more common among adolescent girls than boys in low-and middle-income countries, consistent with early marriage and early childbirth in these countries. In low and concentrated epidemic countries, HIV prevalence is highest among key populations.Conclusions: Although the available HIV-related data on adolescents are limited, increased HIV vulnerability in the second decade of life is evident in the data. Improving data gathering, analysis, and reporting systems specific to adolescents is essential to monitoring progress and improving health outcomes for adolescents. More systematic and better quality disaggregated data are needed to understand differences by sex, age, geography, and socioeconomic factors and to address equity and human rights obligations, especially for key populations.