DO READERS MENTALLY REPRESENT CHARACTERS EMOTIONAL STATES
DO READERS MENTALLY REPRESENT CHARACTERS EMOTIONAL STATES
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DOI：
10.1080/02699939208411061
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发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
ROBERTSON, RRW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GERNSBACHER, MA;GOLDSMITH, HH;ROBERTSON, RRW
受试者阅读描述具体行动的故事，比如一个主角从他最好的朋友工作的商店里偷钱，后来得知他的朋友被解雇了。在每个故事之后，受试者阅读一个目标句子，该句子包含一个情感词，该情感词要么与故事所暗示的情绪状态(例如内疚)相匹配，要么与该情绪状态不匹配。在实验一中，当不匹配的情绪词是故事所暗示的情绪状态(如骄傲)的知觉对立面时，目标句子的阅读速度较慢。在实验2中，当不匹配的情绪词共享隐含情绪状态的情感配价时，目标句的阅读速度较慢；因此，读者必须不仅仅代表情绪状态的情感配价。实验3中的受试者没有阅读包含匹配和不匹配情绪词的目标句子，而是简单地读出了匹配和不匹配的情绪词。不匹配的情绪词的发音较慢。这些实验表明，读者对虚构人物的情绪状态形成了明确的、逼真的心理表征，而读者形成这些表征是阅读理解的正常部分。
Subjects read stories that described concrete actions, such as a main character stealing money from a store where his best friend worked and later learning that his friend had been fired. Following each story, subjects read a target sentence that contained an emotion word that either matched the emotional state implied by the story (e.g. guilt) or mismatched that emotional state. In Experiment 1, target sentences were read more slowly when the mismatched emotion words were the perceived opposites of the emotional states implied by the stories (e.g. pride). In Experiment 2, target sentences were read more slowly when the mismatched emotion words shared the affective valence of the implied emotional state; therefore, readers must represent more than simply the affective valence of the emotional states. Instead of reading target sentences that contained matching versus mismatching emotion words, subjects in Experiment 3 simply pronounced matching versus mismatching emotion words. Mismatching emotion words were pronounced more slowly. These experiments suggest that readers form explicit, lifelike, mental representations of fictional characters' emotional states, and readers form these representations as a normal part of reading comprehension.