RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 1ST FLOWERING DATE AND TEMPERATURE IN THE FLORA OF A LOCALITY IN CENTRAL ENGLAND
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 1ST FLOWERING DATE AND TEMPERATURE IN THE FLORA OF A LOCALITY IN CENTRAL ENGLAND
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DOI：
10.2307/2390090
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发表时间：
1995-02-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
WILLIAMSON, MH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FITTER, AH;FITTER, RSR;WILLIAMSON, MH
1.对英格兰中南部某地区243种被子植物和裸子植物的始花期(FFD)进行了36年(1954-1989年)的观测和分析。个体FFD在1月1日至8月17日之间变化，物种在其FFD的标准差上存在较大差异。变异性最大的物种主要是一年生物种，平均FFD与变异性呈负相关，其中早花物种的变异性最大。对于243个物种中的219个物种，可以将FFD回归方程与前几个月的一些月平均气温进行拟合。这些适合度通常对木本植物和地球植物是最好的。总体而言，2月温度是决定开花时间的最重要因素。在1月至4月期间开花的物种中，60%的物种在开花前1-2个月受到温度的影响；对于夏季(5月以后)开花的物种，最高可达4个月的温度是重要的。春季高温使开花平均每度提前4天。相比之下，春季和夏季开花的树种都因前一年秋季的高温而延迟开花。这些关系被用来模拟气候变暖的影响：每个月总气温上升1摄氏度将使一些物种的开花提前，另一些物种的开花延迟长达6周。滞后型为早花型，超级型为晚花型。这些结果表明开花时间高度依赖于温度，物种间的差异意味着对气候变暖的反应可能很难预测。
1. A data set of 36 years (1954-1989) of observations on first flowering dates (FFD) of 243 species of angiosperms and gymnosperms in one locality in southern central England is presented and analysed.2. Individual FFDs ranged from 1 January to 17 August, and species varied considerably in the standard deviation of their FFD. The most variable species were mainly annuals and there was a negative relationship between mean FFD and variability, early-flowering species being the most variable.3. For 219 of the 243 species, it was possible to fit regression equations for FFD to some set of monthly mean temperatures of the preceding months. These fits were generally best for woody plants and geophytes. February temperature was overall the most important determinant of flowering time. Sixty per cent of species flowering between January and April were affected by temperature 1-2 months before flowering; for summer (May onwards) flowering species, temperatures up to 4 months previously were important.4. High spring temperatures advanced flowering by a mean of 4 days per degree. In contrast, both spring- and summer-flowering species were retarded in flowering by high temperatures in the previous autumn.5. These relationships were used to simulate the effects of climatic warming: an overall increase of 1-degree-C in each month would advance flowering in some species and retard others, by as much as 6 weeks. Retarded species were early-flowering, advanced species late-flowering. These results suggest a high degree of dependence of flowering time on temperature, and the variation between species implies that responses to climatic warming may be difficult to predict.