Translesion DNA polymerases.

Translesion DNA polymerases.
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DOI:
10.1101/cshperspect.a010363
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发表时间:
2013-10-01
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Woodgate R
Woodgate R
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goodman MF;Woodgate R

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活细胞不断暴露于DNA损伤剂,威胁其基因组的完整性。虽然DNA修复过程迅速靶向受损的DNA进行修复,但一些损伤仍然存在并阻止细胞复制酶的基因组复制。为了避免复制叉停滞的有害后果,细胞使用专门的聚合酶来穿越损伤。这个过程被称为“跨损伤DNA合成”(TLS),在复制酶恢复完成基因组复制之前,为细胞提供了额外的时间来修复损伤。在许多情况下,这种损伤耐受机制是容易出错的,并且细胞存活通常与诱变和致癌的风险增加有关。尽管受到各种转录和翻译后控制的严格调控,但低保真度TLS聚合酶也可以获得未受损的DNA,在那里它们的不准确合成实际上可能有利于遗传多样性和进化适应性。
Living cells are continually exposed to DNA-damaging agents that threaten their genomic integrity. Although DNA repair processes rapidly target the damaged DNA for repair, some lesions nevertheless persist and block genome duplication by the cell’s replicase. To avoid the deleterious consequence of a stalled replication fork, cells use specialized polymerases to traverse the damage. This process, termed “translesion DNA synthesis” (TLS), affords the cell additional time to repair the damage before the replicase returns to complete genome duplication. In many cases, this damage-tolerance mechanism is error-prone, and cell survival is often associated with an increased risk of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Despite being tightly regulated by a variety of transcriptional and posttranslational controls, the low-fidelity TLS polymerases also gain access to undamaged DNA where their inaccurate synthesis may actually be beneficial for genetic diversity and evolutionary fitness.
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