Strategic R&D as an answer to the oil crisis. West and east German investment in coal refinement and the chemical industries, 1970–1990
Strategic R&D as an answer to the oil crisis. West and east German investment in coal refinement and the chemical industries, 1970–1990
复制标题
战略研发作为石油危机的解决方案，西德和东德对煤炭精炼和化学工业的投资，1970-1990 年。
DOI：
10.1080/07341510008581975
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
H. Schröter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Schröter
为了应对1973/4年和1978/9年的石油价格冲击，德国两个州都重新考虑将煤炭精炼作为经济和政治限制的技术解决方案。在德意志民主共和国，化学工业尤其离不开这项技术，但国家并没有进行重大的研发计划，而是宁愿继续使用现有的工厂和工艺。这一政策的灾难性后果在20世纪80年代初苏联切断对东德的石油供应时就已经显现出来，不仅对化学工业造成了不可逆转的损害，而且对整个东德国经济也造成了不可逆转的损害。在联邦德国，化学工业是联邦政府的积极对话者，但尽管提供了慷慨的补贴，但对于从石油转向煤炭的必要性始终持谨慎态度，并认为，鉴于西德在该领域的领导地位，在煤炭精炼领域的新研发计划并不迫切。结果，联邦政府对20世纪70年代石油价格上涨的担忧使化工行业以外的经济部门受益。
Abstract In reaction to the oil‐price shocks of 1973/4 and 1978/9 both of the German states reconsidered coal refinement as a technological answer to economic and political constraints. In the GDR the chemical industry in particular could not do without this technology, but the state did not undertake a major R&D programme, preferring rather to continue with existing plants and processes. The disastrous consequences of this policy were felt when the Soviet Union cut off oil supplies to the GDR in the early 1980s, so damaging irreversibly not only the chemical industry, but the entire East Germany economy too. In the FRG the chemical industry was an active interlocuter with the federal government but notwithstanding the offer of generous subsidies was always prudent about the need for a switch back to coal from oil, and believed that new R&D programmes in the coal refining area were not imperative given Western German leadership in the field. In the event it was sectors of the economy other than the chemical industry which benefitted from the federal government's concerns about the oil price rises in the 1970s.