Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy.
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免疫细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡 — 癌症免疫治疗的新策略
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.771551
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Jie J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang P;Peng Y;Feng Y;Xu Z;Feng P;Cao J;Chen Y;Chen X;Cao X;Yang Y;Jie J
免疫细胞源性细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其独特的特性和生物启发应用而日益成为研究的热点。它们是脂质双层膜纳米大小的囊泡，含有来自亲代细胞的一系列免疫细胞来源的表面受体和效应分子。免疫细胞衍生的ev是细胞间通讯的重要介质，调节适应性和先天免疫反应的特定机制。然而，ev抗肿瘤作用的机制仍在探索中。重要的是，免疫细胞衍生的电动汽车具有一些独特的特征，包括可及性、储存、通过血脑和血肿瘤屏障的能力，以及各种效应分子的装载。免疫细胞源性ev已被直接应用或改造为有效的抗肿瘤疫苗或用于临床疾病的诊断。基因工程、膜工程和货物运输策略等方面的研究应用，提高了电动汽车的处理效果。基于免疫细胞的ev疗法有望成为一种独立的技术，或补充免疫疗法、放疗、化疗和其他治疗方式。本文综述了适应性免疫细胞（CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞和B细胞）和先天免疫细胞（巨噬细胞、NK细胞、dc细胞和中性粒细胞）衍生的免疫细胞衍生的ev的特点和功能，并讨论了癌症治疗中的新兴治疗机会和前景。
Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly become the focus of research due to their unique characteristics and bioinspired applications. They are lipid bilayer membrane nanosized vesicles harboring a range of immune cell-derived surface receptors and effector molecules from parental cells. Immune cell-derived EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication that regulate specific mechanisms of adaptive and innate immune responses. However, the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of EVs are still being explored. Importantly, immune cell-derived EVs have some unique features, including accessibility, storage, ability to pass through blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers, and loading of various effector molecules. Immune cell-derived EVs have been directly applied or engineered as potent antitumor vaccines or for the diagnosis of clinical diseases. More research applications involving genetic engineering, membrane engineering, and cargo delivery strategies have improved the treatment efficacy of EVs. Immune cell-derived EV-based therapies are expected to become a separate technique or to complement immunotherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other therapeutic modalities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the characteristics and functions of immune cell-derived EVs derived from adaptive (CD4+ T, CD8+ T and B cells) and innate immune cells (macrophages, NK cells, DCs, and neutrophils) and discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities and prospects in cancer treatment.