Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue-like structures to be created in vitro.
Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue-like structures to be created in vitro.
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12257
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Przyborski S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knight E;Przyborski S
哺乳动物细胞生物学的研究往往依赖于开发体外模型，使细胞在实验室中能够在不同的测试条件下研究特定的生物学机制或过程。这些模型的质量以及它们如何表示真实组织中细胞的行为，对所产生的数据的价值和如何使用起着至关重要的作用。尤其重要的是要认识到细胞的结构如何影响其功能，以及如何使用共培养模型来更接近地代表真实组织的结构。近年来，已经开发了一些技术来增强研究人员生长细胞的方式，并更容易地创造出组织状结构。在这里，我们确定了在二维(2D)基质上用传统方法培养哺乳动物细胞的局限性，并回顾了目前流行的能够在体外开发三维(3D)组织模型的方法。现在有很多方法可以改变培养细胞的生长环境，以促进3D细胞的生长。3D培养的方法可以大致分为无支架或基于支架的培养系统，支架由天然或合成材料制成。目前没有一种特定的解决方案可以满足所有要求，研究人员必须根据自己的需要选择合适的方法。将这种技术与细胞生物学中的其他现代资源(例如人类干细胞)结合使用，将为创造用于基础研究和药物发现的强大的人体组织模拟提供新的机会。这些模型的应用将有助于推进基础研究，提高化合物的预测准确性，并减少动物在生物医学科学中的使用。
Research in mammalian cell biology often relies on developing in vitro models to enable the growth of cells in the laboratory to investigate a specific biological mechanism or process under different test conditions. The quality of such models and how they represent the behavior of cells in real tissues plays a critical role in the value of the data produced and how it is used. It is particularly important to recognize how the structure of a cell influences its function and how co‐culture models can be used to more closely represent the structure of real tissue. In recent years, technologies have been developed to enhance the way in which researchers can grow cells and more readily create tissue‐like structures. Here we identify the limitations of culturing mammalian cells by conventional methods on two‐dimensional (2D) substrates and review the popular approaches currently available that enable the development of three‐dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. There are now many ways in which the growth environment for cultured cells can be altered to encourage 3D cell growth. Approaches to 3D culture can be broadly categorized into scaffold‐free or scaffold‐based culture systems, with scaffolds made from either natural or synthetic materials. There is no one particular solution that currently satisfies all requirements and researchers must select the appropriate method in line with their needs. Using such technology in conjunction with other modern resources in cell biology (e.g. human stem cells) will provide new opportunities to create robust human tissue mimetics for use in basic research and drug discovery. Application of such models will contribute to advancing basic research, increasing the predictive accuracy of compounds, and reducing animal usage in biomedical science.