Theory of Heavy-Fermion Compounds
Theory of Heavy-Fermion Compounds
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重费米子化合物理论
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-10825-4
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Stephanovich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Amusia;K. Popov;V. Shaginyan;V. Stephanovich
重费米子化合物包括各种各样的强相关系统，如二维（2D）量子液体（金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）中的2D 3He和电子），重费米子（HF）金属，高温超导体，绝缘体中的量子自旋液体，准晶体，甚至宇宙本身。大量的实验事实揭示了热力学，运输，松弛等，所有这些物体的性质都被收集起来，这些事实代表了凝聚态物理学的所有领域。有人可能会说，HF化合物物理学代表了凝聚态物理学的一个新版本，因为在这个版本仍在建设中时，观察到的行为是非常独特的。因此，HF化合物理论的提出是一个既艰巨又重要的问题。在这本书中，我们构建了理论，并通过处理各种物理现象和过程并解释相应实验事实的众多应用来说明它。为了使这本书尽可能容易理解，为了读者的方便，我们在考虑HF化合物的问题时，在一个特定的地方给出理论的必要元素。由于所考虑的主题存在巨大的多样性，我们希望这样的介绍可以让读者了解特定的物理过程，而不必费力地递归到本书的特殊章节。准粒子范式是现代固体物理学中最富有成果的概念之一。这个概念允许把任何固体表示为某种基态，并以准粒子的形式表示其基元激发。在准粒子语言中，一个由强相互作用的电子和离子组成的复杂系统被简化为一种低能激发的气体，其行为可以通过各种（主要是微扰）成熟的技术来描述。准粒子范式允许实现对不同类型量子固体的描述的显著标准化，并且凭借这一优点，类似的形式主义可以应用于广泛的凝聚态系统。世纪末凝聚态物理学的迅速发展对这一学科50年来的传统认识提出了许多挑战。高Tc超导、整数v
Heavy-Fermion compounds comprise a great variety of strongly correlated systems such as two-dimensional (2D) quantum liquids (2D 3He and electrons in metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFETs)), heavy fermion (HF) metals, high-temperature superconductors, quantum spin liquids confined in insulators, quasicrystals, and even the Universe itself. Numerous experimental facts unveiling the thermodynamic, transport, relaxation, etc., properties are collected on all these objects, and these facts represent all fields of the condensed matter physics. One might say that the physics of HF compounds represents a new edition of the condensed matter physics, for the observed behavior is quite unique while the edition is still under construction. Therefore, the problem of presenting a theory of HF compounds is both arduous and of great importance. In this book, we construct the theory and illustrate it by numerous applications dealing with various physical phenomena and processes and explaining the corresponding experimental facts. To make the book understandable as much as possible, for the reader’s convenience we, when considering a problem of the HF compounds, give the necessary elements of the theory within a particular place. Because of huge diversity in the considered topics, we hope that such a presentation allows the reader to learn the particular physical process without a laborious recursion to special chapters of the book. One of the most fruitful concepts of modern solid state physics is a paradigm of quasiparticles. This concept permits to represent any solid as certain ground state and its elementary excitations in the form of quasiparticles. In the quasiparticle language, a complex system of strongly interacting electrons and ions is reduced to a gas of low-energy excitations, whose behavior could be described by various (primarily perturbative) well-established techniques. The quasiparticles paradigm permits to achieve a significant standardization of the description of different types of quantum solids and, by this virtue, similar formalism can be applied across a wide range of Condensed Matter systems. Rapid development of condensed matter physics at the end of the twentieth century put many challenges to the conventional wisdom in this discipline, elaborated for previous 50 years. Such discoveries as high-Tc superconductivity, integer v