On-farm assessment of a new early-maturing drought-tolerant rice cultivar for dry direct seeding in rainfed lowlands
On-farm assessment of a new early-maturing drought-tolerant rice cultivar for dry direct seeding in rainfed lowlands
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.005
复制
发表时间：
2018-04-15
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Kato, Yoichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohno, Hoshie;Banayo, Nino P. M. C.;Kato, Yoichiro
水稻旱直播（DDSR）正在成为一种常见的做法，在干旱易发的低地地区，那里没有足够的劳动力进行移栽，但早季干旱往往会导致不良的作物建立，这使得随后的杂草侵扰。尽管在过去的十年中，早熟耐旱品种已经在热带亚洲发布，但这些地区的几乎所有农民仍然使用为灌溉低地选择的品种。本研究的目的是比较一个新的耐旱品种（Rc 348）和一个受欢迎的品种（Rc 10）在干旱低地条件下的DDSR。在菲律宾吕宋岛北方的三个村庄进行的田间试验表明，Rc 10的产量与土壤干燥呈负相关，但Rc 348的产量与土壤干燥无关。尽管它们的平均产量相当（Rc 348，3.03 t ha（-1）; Rc 10，3.00 t ha（-1）），但Rc 348在中度至重度杂草侵扰或土壤干燥的情况下产量高出34%（3.12 vs 2.33 t ha（-1））。随着土壤干燥度的增加，杂草侵扰增加，但Rc 10的杂草压力比Rc 348更严重。Rc 348具有较高的出苗率，苗数m（-2），并在播种后30天的地面覆盖比Rc 10在干旱倾向的领域在上面（干燥）的位置在地形序列。这些结果得到了国际水稻研究所的一项控制干旱胁迫的现场实验的验证。我们建议，采用新发布的品种从育种计划的水稻可靠的出苗和早期活力在土壤水分波动的存在下，将稳定DDSR的产量在目标干旱易发地区。
Dry direct seeding of rice (DDSR) is becoming a common practice in drought-prone lowland areas where there is insufficient labor for transplanting, but early-season drought often causes poor crop establishment, which allows subsequent weed infestation. Although early-maturing drought-tolerant cultivars have been released in tropical Asia in the last decade, almost all farmers in these areas still use cultivars selected for irrigated lowlands. The objective of our study was to compare a new drought-tolerant cultivar (Rc348) and a popular cultivar of farmers (Rc10) in DDSR under rainfed lowland conditions. On-farm experiments in three villages in northern Luzon, the Philippines, showed that the yield of Rc10, but not Rc348, was negatively associated with soil drying. Although their average yields were comparable (Rc348, 3.03 t ha(-1); Rc10, 3.00 t ha(-1)), Rc348 yielded 34% more with moderate to severe weed infestation or soil dryness (3.12 vs. 2.33 t ha(-1)). Weed infestation increased with increasing soil dryness, but the weed pressure was more severe for Rc10 than for Rc348. Rc348 had a higher seedling emergence percentage, number of seedlings m(-2), and ground cover at 30 days after sowing than Rc10 in drought-prone fields at upper (drier) positions in the toposequence. These results were validated by an on station experiment with controlled drought stress at the International Rice Research Institute. We suggest that the adoption of newly released cultivars from the breeding programs for rainfed rice with reliable seedling emergence and early vigor in the presence of fluctuating soil moisture would stabilize the yield of DDSR in the target drought-prone areas.