GLK gene pairs regulate chloroplast development in diverse plant species
GLK gene pairs regulate chloroplast development in diverse plant species
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01390.x
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Langdale, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitter, DW;Martin, DJ;Langdale, JA
叶绿体的生物发生是一个复杂的过程，需要两个基因组之间的密切协调。在叶绿体中积累的许多蛋白质都是由核基因组编码的，从原生质体到叶绿体的发育转变受核基因的调控。在这里，我们展示了一对类似金2(GLK)基因调控拟南芥叶绿体的发育。GLK蛋白是GARP转录因子超家族的成员，系统发育分析表明，玉米、水稻和拟南芥GLK基因对在GARP超家族中构成了一个不同的组。进一步的系统发育分析表明，这些基因对在单子叶和双子叶植物谱系中是通过不同的重复事件产生的。与水稻一样，AtGLK1和AtGLK2在光合作用组织中部分重叠区域表达。插入突变体表明，这种表达模式反映了一定程度的功能冗余，因为单个突变体在大多数光合作用组织中表现出正常的表型。然而，双突变体在所有的光合作用组织中都是淡绿色的，叶绿体表现出颗粒类囊体的减少。参与采光的几个基因的产物也在双突变叶绿体中以较低的水平积累。因此，GLK基因调控不同植物的叶绿体发育。
Chloroplast biogenesis is a complex process that requires close co-ordination between two genomes. Many of the proteins that accumulate in the chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome, and the developmental transition from proplastid to chloroplast is regulated by nuclear genes. Here we show that a pair of Golden 2 -like (GLK ) genes regulates chloroplast development in Arabidopsis . The GLK proteins are members of the GARP superfamily of transcription factors, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the maize, rice and Arabidopsis GLK gene pairs comprise a distinct group within the GARP superfamily. Further phylogenetic analysis suggests that the gene pairs arose through separate duplication events in the monocot and dicot lineages. As in rice, AtGLK1 and AtGLK2 are expressed in partially overlapping domains in photosynthetic tissue. Insertion mutants demonstrate that this expression pattern reflects a degree of functional redundancy as single mutants display normal phenotypes in most photosynthetic tissues. However, double mutants are pale green in all photosynthetic tissues and chloroplasts exhibit a reduction in granal thylakoids. Products of several genes involved in light harvesting also accumulate at reduced levels in double mutant chloroplasts. GLK genes therefore regulate chloroplast development in diverse plant species.