Alcohol and the prefrontal cortex.
Alcohol and the prefrontal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0074-7742(10)91009-x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woodward, John J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abernathy, Kenneth;Chandler, L. Judson;Woodward, John J.
前额叶皮质占据额叶的前部，被认为是哺乳动物大脑中最复杂的解剖和功能结构之一。它的主要作用是整合和解释来自皮层和皮层下结构的输入，并利用这些信息来发展反映当前和未来环境的有目的的反应。这包括两个面向行动的序列涉及获得奖励和抑制行为构成不适当的风险或伤害的个人。考虑到酒精在启动和调节这些复杂的认知和行为反应中的核心作用，酒精对前额叶皮层的功能产生深远影响也就不足为奇了。在本章中，我们将回顾前额叶皮层的基本解剖学和生理学，并讨论酒精对这一大脑区域功能的作用。这包括对人类和动物文献的回顾，包括关于急性和慢性暴露于酒精后的电生理和行为影响的信息。本章最后讨论了尚未回答的问题和需要进一步调查的领域。
The prefrontal cortex occupies the anterior portion of the frontal lobes and is thought to be one of the most complex anatomical and functional structures of the mammalian brain. Its major role is to integrate and interpret inputs from cortical and sub-cortical structures and use this information to develop purposeful responses that reflect both present and future circumstances. This includes both action-oriented sequences involved in obtaining rewards and inhibition of behaviors that pose undue risk or harm to the individual. Given the central role in initiating and regulating these often complex cognitive and behavioral responses, it is no surprise that alcohol has profound effects on the function of the prefrontal cortex. In this chapter, we review the basic anatomy and physiology of the prefrontal cortex and discuss what is known about the actions of alcohol on the function of this brain region. This includes a review of both the human and animal literature including information on the electrophysiological and behavioral effects that follow acute and chronic exposure to alcohol. The chapter concludes with a discussion of unanswered questions and areas needing further investigation.