Amazonian dark earths in the fertile floodplains of the Amazon River, Brazil: an example of non-intentional formation of anthropic soils in the Central Amazon region
Amazonian dark earths in the fertile floodplains of the Amazon River, Brazil: an example of non-intentional formation of anthropic soils in the Central Amazon region
复制标题
巴西亚马逊河肥沃的洪泛区的亚马逊暗土：亚马逊中部地区非故意形成的人类土壤的一个例子
DOI：
10.1590/1981-81222019000100013
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Neves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Macedo;W. Teixeira;H. N. Lima;A. C. D. Souza;Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva;Omar Cubas Encinas;E. Neves
亚马逊黑土（ADEs）是前哥伦布时代亚马逊盆地的美洲印第安人社会创造的肥沃土壤。然而，目前尚不清楚这些土壤是为了改善贫瘠的亚马逊高地土壤而故意产生的，还是由于定居地的有机物积累而产生的。本研究根据土壤剖面中元素和有机碳的总含量、交换性和有效含量，对巴西中部亚马逊河天然肥沃的冲积洪泛平原上发现的ADEs进行了表征。ADEs中有效元素和总磷、钙、锌、铜含量较高。土壤中总Cr、Ni、Co和V含量高，表明有机质对其组成有贡献；P、Zn、Ba和Sr含量高，表明土壤中有人为富集。冲积土中磷、钙、锌和铜的自然含量高于普通植物所需的磷、钙、锌和铜的自然含量，冲积平原地区ADEs的存在强烈表明人类对冲积土进行了无意识的施肥。洪泛区考古遗址的存在也表明，前哥伦布时期的人口生活在这些地区以及亚马逊河上方的悬崖上。
ABSTRACT Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) are fertile soils created by pre-Columbian Amerindian societies of the Amazon Basin. However, it is still not clear whether these soils were produced intentionally to improve infertile Amazonian upland soils or if they resulted from the accumulation of organic matter from sedentary settlements. This study characterizes the ADEs found in the naturally fertile alluvial floodplains of the Amazon River in the Central Brazilian Amazon according to total, exchangeable, and available contents of elements and organic carbon in soil profiles. ADEs contained higher levels of available elements and total P, Ca, Zn, and Cu. High total Cr, Ni, Co, and V content in these soils indicate that mafic minerals contributed to their composition, while higher contents of P, Zn, Ba, and Sr indicate anthropic enrichment. The presence of ADEs in floodplain areas strongly indicates non-intentional anthropic fertilization of the alluvial soils, which naturally contain levels of P, Ca, Zn, and Cu higher than those needed to cultivate common plants. The presence of archaeological sites in the floodplains also shows that pre-Columbian populations lived in these regions as well as on bluffs above the Amazon River.