Dissociating Contingency Awareness and Conditioned Attitudes: Evidence of Contingency-Unaware Evaluative Conditioning
Dissociating Contingency Awareness and Conditioned Attitudes: Evidence of Contingency-Unaware Evaluative Conditioning
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026477
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Klauer, Karl Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huetter, Mandy;Sweldens, Steven;Klauer, Karl Christoph
几十年来，人类的评价性调节是否可以在没有偶然意识的情况下发生，一直是激烈而持续的争论的主题，并受到各种方法论困难的困扰。随着最近的方法论创新，现有证据目前指出这样的结论：如果没有应急意识，评价性调节效应就不会发生。然而，在模拟中，我们证明这些创新强烈偏向于这样的结论：评价性条件作用需要偶然性意识，从而混淆了偶然性记忆的测量与条件性态度。我们采用过程分离程序来分离记忆和态度成分。在 4 项研究中，态度参数使用现有态度进行验证，并应用于探索意外事件无意识的评价条件。第五个实验采用了时间延迟操作，以确认态度和记忆成分的可分离性。结果表明，评价性条件反射可以在没有意识到意外事件的情况下产生态度。讨论了评价性条件反射和联想学习理论的含义。
Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array of methodological difficulties. Following recent methodological innovations, the available evidence currently points to the conclusion that evaluative conditioning effects do not occur without contingency awareness. In a simulation, we demonstrate, however, that these innovations are strongly biased toward the conclusion that evaluative conditioning requires contingency awareness, confounding the measurement of contingency memory with conditioned attitudes. We adopt a process-dissociation procedure to separate the memory and attitude components. In 4 studies, the attitude parameter is validated using existing attitudes and applied to probe for contingency-unaware evaluative conditioning. A fifth experiment incorporates a time-delay manipulation confirming the dissociability of the attitude and memory components. The results indicate that evaluative conditioning can produce attitudes without conscious awareness of the contingencies. Implications for theories of evaluative conditioning and associative learning are discussed.