From face processing to face recognition: Comparing three different processing levels
From face processing to face recognition: Comparing three different processing levels
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2016.10.004
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Barbeau, E. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besson, G.;Barragan-Jason, G.;Barbeau, E. J.
验证人脸是否来自目标人物(例如，在人群中找到某人)是人脸处理系统的一项关键能力。然而，这一过程能以多快的速度完成还不得而知。这一假说表明，由于人类是面孔专家，个人对面孔的处理速度应该与上级水平一样快，甚至更快。相反，“上位优势”假说认为，面孔是从粗到细的，所以应该观察相反的模式。为了澄清这场争论，我们比较了三种不同的人脸处理水平：(1)高级人脸分类级别(即在动物面孔中检测人脸)，(2)人脸熟悉度级别(即从不熟悉的人脸中识别出著名的人脸)和(3)验证人脸是否来自目标人，这是我们感兴趣的条件。面孔被分类(类似于260毫秒)或被识别为熟悉面孔(类似于360毫秒)的最小速度在以前的研究中已经被很大程度地记录下来，因此提供了比较我们感兴趣的条件的界限。研究对象包括27名参与者。最近的速度和准确性提升程序范例(SAB)被使用，因为它约束参与者使用他们最快的策略。刺激呈现为直立或倒置。结果显示，确认一张脸来自目标人物(最小反应时为260ms)速度非常快，但比人脸分类水平(类似于240ms)要长，而且对人脸倒置更敏感。相比之下，它比识别一张熟悉的面孔(类似于380毫秒)要快得多，这一水平受到脸部反转的严重影响。因此，与在人群中找到特定人相对应的人脸识别似乎只需四分之一秒就能实现。支持“高级优势”假说或从粗略到精细的脸部视觉层次，这些结果表明脸部加工系统在不同加工水平上的分级参与，如脸部反转效应所反映的那样。此外，它们还强调了确认一张脸是否来自目标人和将一张脸检测为熟悉的面孔--两者通常被称为“面孔识别”--实际上是多么的不同。(C)2016爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Verifying that a face is from a target person (e.g. finding someone in the crowd) is a critical ability of the human face processing system. Yet how fast this can be performed is unknown. The 'entry-level shift due to expertise' hypothesis suggests that - since humans are face experts - processing faces should be as fast - or even faster - at the individual than at superordinate levels. In contrast, the 'superordinate advantage' hypothesis suggests that faces are processed from coarse to fine, so that the opposite pattern should be observed. To clarify this debate, three different face processing levels were compared: (1) a superordinate face categorization level (i.e. detecting human faces among animal faces), (2) a face familiarity level (i.e. recognizing famous faces among unfamiliar ones) and (3) verifying that a face is from a target person, our condition of interest. The minimal speed at which faces can be categorized (similar to 260 ms) or recognized as familiar (similar to 360 ms) has largely been documented in previous studies, and thus provides boundaries to compare our condition of interest to. Twenty-seven participants were included. The recent Speed and Accuracy Boosting procedure paradigm (SAB) was used since it constrains participants to use their fastest strategy. Stimuli were presented either upright or inverted. Results revealed that verifying that a face is from a target person (minimal RT at similar to 260 ms) was remarkably fast but longer than the face categorization level (similar to 240 ms) and was more sensitive to face inversion. In contrast, it was much faster than recognizing a face as familiar (similar to 380 ms), a level severely affected by face inversion. Face recognition corresponding to finding a specific person in a crowd thus appears achievable in only a quarter of a second. In favor of the 'superordinate advantage' hypothesis or coarse-to-fine account of the face visual hierarchy, these results suggest a graded engagement of the face processing system across processing levels as reflected by the face inversion effects. Furthermore, they underline how verifying that a face is from a target person and detecting a face as familiar - both often referred to as "Face Recognition" - in fact differs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.