Color-pattern evolution in response to environmental stress in butterflies.
Color-pattern evolution in response to environmental stress in butterflies.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2012.00015
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Otaki JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hiyama A;Taira W;Otaki JM
人们普遍认为，蝴蝶翅膀的颜色模式具有通过自然选择进化的生态和行为功能。然而，特定的翅膀颜色模式可能会产生生理响应环境压力，他们可能缺乏显着的功能。这些模式代表了表型可塑性的极端表现，最终可以在种群中遗传固定。在这里，三个这样的情况下，蝴蝶简明扼要地回顾，并讨论其可能的遗传同化机制。首先，温度处理诱导的印度凡妮莎的某种改良的颜色模式类似于其密切相关的凡妮莎属物种的自然颜色模式（狭义）。第二，一种不同类型的颜色模式的修改，可以诱导在凡妮莎cardui作为一个结果，一般的压力反应。这种变异的模式与其姊妹种Vanessa kershawi的自然颜色模式非常相似。第三，实地观察报告，连同实验支持，显示的颜色图案多样性的区域人口的Zizeeria maha增加在北方范围边缘的这个物种在温度胁迫。在这三种情况下，修改的颜色模式不太可能有显着的功能，这些情况下，表型可塑性在蝴蝶翅膀颜色模式的进化中起着重要的作用。一个中性或非功能性的性状，如果像寄生性状那样与另一个功能性性状相联系，就可以被遗传同化。此外，环境压力可能导致与颜色模式相关的基因的表观遗传修饰，并且它们的跨代遗传促进了中性或非功能性特征的遗传同化过程。
It is generally accepted that butterfly wing color-patterns have ecological and behavioral functions that evolved through natural selection. However, particular wing color-patterns may be produced physiologically in response to environmental stress, and they may lack significant function. These patterns would represent an extreme expression of phenotypic plasticity and can eventually be fixed genetically in a population. Here, three such cases in butterflies are concisely reviewed, and their possible mechanisms of genetic assimilation are discussed. First, a certain modified color-pattern of Vanessa indica induced by temperature treatments resembles the natural color-patterns of its closely related species of the genus Vanessa (sensu stricto). Second, a different type of color-pattern modification can be induced in Vanessa cardui as a result of a general stress response. This modified pattern is very similar to the natural color-pattern of its sister species Vanessa kershawi. Third, a field observation was reported, together with experimental support, to show that the color-pattern diversity of a regional population of Zizeeria maha increased at the northern range margin of this species in response to temperature stress. In these three cases, modified color-patterns are unlikely to have significant functions, and these cases suggest that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in butterfly wing color-pattern evolution. A neutral or non-functional trait can be assimilated genetically if it is linked, like a parasitic trait, with another functional trait. In addition, it is possible that environmental stress causes epigenetic modifications of genes related to color-patterns and that their transgenerational inheritance facilitates the process of genetic assimilation of a neutral or non-functional trait.