Contribution of comparative fish studies to general endocrinology: structure and function of some osmoregulatory hormones.
Contribution of comparative fish studies to general endocrinology: structure and function of some osmoregulatory hormones.
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.a.309
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发表时间：
2006-09
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Takei;A. Kawakoshi;T. Tsukada;S. Yuge;M. Ogoshi;Koji Inoue;S. Hyodo;H. Bannai;S. Miyano
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文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Takei;A. Kawakoshi;T. Tsukada;S. Yuge;M. Ogoshi;Koji Inoue;S. Hyodo;H. Bannai;S. Miyano
鱼类内分泌学家通常是出于对这些水生动物的兴趣而进行研究的。然而，鱼类研究中获得的数据不仅满足了他们自己的兴趣，而且往往更普遍地有助于其他脊椎动物（包括哺乳动物）的研究。鱼类生活的特点是水生生境，这需要许多不同于陆生生物的生理调节。其中，体液调节是特别重要的，因为体液仅穿过鳃的薄呼吸上皮暴露于不同盐度的介质。内分泌系统在体液平衡的稳态控制中起着关键作用。从生境依赖的调控机制来看，鱼类的某些调节激素在向陆生生态过渡的过程中，应该发生了功能和分子的进化。事实上，加压素等水分调节激素对于陆地生存至关重要，而利尿钠肽、鸟苷肽和肾上腺髓素等离子调节激素则多种多样，在水生物种中表现出更关键的功能。在这篇简短的综述中，我们介绍了一些例子，说明如何利用鱼类和四足动物之间的差异，比较鱼类研究有助于一般内分泌学。在功能背景下，鱼类研究往往提供了一个更深入的了解，在脊椎动物类群的激素的基本行动。以利钠肽家族为例，我们建议对鱼类进行更多的功能研究将带来类似的理解回报。在分子水平上，最近建立的鱼类和哺乳动物基因组数据库通过比较基因组方法为激素分子的进化历史提供了线索。由于鱼类中离子调节激素的功能和分子多样性，这种方法有时会导致在四足动物中发现新的激素，例如肾上腺髓质素2。
Fish endocrinologists are commonly motivated to pursue their research driven by their own interests in these aquatic animals. However, the data obtained in fish studies not only satisfy their own interests but often contribute more generally to the studies of other vertebrates, including mammals. The life of fishes is characterized by the aquatic habitat, which demands many physiological adjustments distinct from the terrestrial life. Among them, body fluid regulation is of particular importance as the body fluids are exposed to media of varying salinities only across the thin respiratory epithelia of the gills. Endocrine systems play pivotal roles in the homeostatic control of body fluid balance. Judging from the habitat-dependent control mechanisms, some osmoregulatory hormones of fish should have undergone functional and molecular evolution during the ecological transition to the terrestrial life. In fact, water-regulating hormones such as vasopressin are essential for survival on the land, whereas ion-regulating hormones such as natriuretic peptides, guanylins and adrenomedullins are diversified and exhibit more critical functions in aquatic species. In this short review, we introduce some examples illustrating how comparative fish studies contribute to general endocrinology by taking advantage of such differences between fishes and tetrapods. In a functional context, fish studies often afford a deeper understanding of the essential actions of a hormone across vertebrate taxa. Using the natriuretic peptide family as an example, we suggest that more functional studies on fishes will bring similar rewards of understanding. At the molecular level, recent establishment of genome databases in fishes and mammals brings clues to the evolutionary history of hormone molecules via a comparative genomic approach. Because of the functional and molecular diversification of ion-regulating hormones in fishes, this approach sometimes leads to the discovery of new hormones in tetrapods as exemplified by adrenomedullin 2.