Management of smoking in pregnant women.
Management of smoking in pregnant women.
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Mendelsohn;G. Gould;C. Oncken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Mendelsohn;G. Gould;C. Oncken
吸烟是妊娠不良结局最重要的可预防原因。然而，大多数吸烟者在怀孕后继续吸烟，大多数戒烟者在分娩后又复吸。目的本文探讨吸烟与妊娠的关系，并回顾全科医生最佳干预实践的证据。讨论在怀孕期间继续吸烟与社会经济劣势、精神疾病以及土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民人口密切相关。戒烟对这些群体来说更加困难，干预措施只能帮助每100名怀孕吸烟者中的六人戒烟。行为咨询是第一线治疗。尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）可以提供，如果吸烟者无法戒烟没有它，虽然它的疗效是不确定的。为了达到最佳效果，可能需要足够剂量的尼古丁和良好的粘附性。怀孕期间使用NRT的危害可能比继续吸烟要小。应鼓励妇女在怀孕前戒烟。
BACKGROUND Smoking is the most important preventable cause of adverse outcomes in pregnancy. However, most smokers who become pregnant continue to smoke and most of those who quit relapse after delivery. OBJECTIVE This article explores the relationship between smoking and pregnancy, and reviews the evidence for best practice intervention by general practitioners. DISCUSSION Continuing to smoke during pregnancy is strongly associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, mental illness and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Quitting is more difficult for these groups and interventions assist only sixin every 100 pregnant smokers to quit. Behavioural counselling is the first-line treatment. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) can be offered if the smoker is unable to quit without it, although its efficacy is uncertain. Adequate doses of nicotine and good adherance may be required for the best results. The use of NRT in pregnancy is likely to be less harmful than continuing to smoke. Women should be encouraged to quit smoking before becoming pregnant.