Plant phenomics and the need for physiological phenotyping across scales to narrow the genotype-to-phenotype knowledge gap
Plant phenomics and the need for physiological phenotyping across scales to narrow the genotype-to-phenotype knowledge gap
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erv345
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Roitsch, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grosskinsky, Dominik K.;Svensgaard, Jesper;Roitsch, Thomas
将非侵入性、高通量表型分析与细胞生理学联系起来作为表型性状的决定因素，将有助于应用和基础植物科学和育种预测因子的发展。植物受到复杂的基因组、环境和管理相互作用的影响，这些相互作用决定了遗传组分变异所导致的表型可塑性。虽然在遗传信息和非侵入性表型的成本效益和高通量分析方面取得了很大进展，但对潜在生理机制的大规模分析却落后了。外部表型由代谢途径和细胞内调控网络的复杂相互作用的总和决定，其反映在内部、生理和生化表型中。需要考虑这些不同尺度的动态生理反应，基因分型和外部表型应与细胞和组织水平的生理学相关。需要一种跨尺度的高维生理表型分析，其将内部表型的精确表征整合到整个植物和冠层的高通量表型分析中。通过这种方法，复杂的性状可以被分解为生理性状的各个组成部分。由于通过“湿化学”进行的生理表型分析的更高分辨率在通量方面固有地受到限制，因此高通量非侵入性表型分析需要跨尺度进行验证和验证，以用作基础过程的代理。有了这种跨学科和多维度的表型组学方法，植物生理学、非侵入性表型分析和功能基因组学将相互补充，最终能够在先进的作物模型下对特定环境下的反应进行计算机评估。这将允许产生强大的生理预测也为复杂的性状，以弥合基因型和表型之间的知识差距，在育种，精准农业和基础研究的应用。
Linking of non-invasive, high-throughput phenotyping to cellular physiology as a determinant of phenotypic traits will assist the development of predictors for applied and basic plant science and breeding. Plants are affected by complex genomexenvironmentxmanagement interactions which determine phenotypic plasticity as a result of the variability of genetic components. Whereas great advances have been made in the cost-efficient and high-throughput analyses of genetic information and non-invasive phenotyping, the large-scale analyses of the underlying physiological mechanisms lag behind. The external phenotype is determined by the sum of the complex interactions of metabolic pathways and intracellular regulatory networks that is reflected in an internal, physiological, and biochemical phenotype. These various scales of dynamic physiological responses need to be considered, and genotyping and external phenotyping should be linked to the physiology at the cellular and tissue level. A high-dimensional physiological phenotyping across scales is needed that integrates the precise characterization of the internal phenotype into high-throughput phenotyping of whole plants and canopies. By this means, complex traits can be broken down into individual components of physiological traits. Since the higher resolution of physiological phenotyping by 'wet chemistry' is inherently limited in throughput, high-throughput non-invasive phenotyping needs to be validated and verified across scales to be used as proxy for the underlying processes. Armed with this interdisciplinary and multidimensional phenomics approach, plant physiology, non-invasive phenotyping, and functional genomics will complement each other, ultimately enabling the in silico assessment of responses under defined environments with advanced crop models. This will allow generation of robust physiological predictors also for complex traits to bridge the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype for applications in breeding, precision farming, and basic research.