Cauliflower fractal forms arise from perturbations of floral gene networks
Cauliflower fractal forms arise from perturbations of floral gene networks
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abg5999
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发表时间：
2021-07-09
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Parcy, Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azpeitia, Eugenio;Tichtinsky, Gabrielle;Parcy, Francois
在整个发育过程中，植物分生组织有规律地产生螺旋、对生或轮生的器官。花椰菜呈现出一种不同寻常的器官排列，在广泛的鳞片上嵌套着大量的螺旋。这种分形的、自相似的组织是如何从发育机制中脱颖而出的，至今仍是个谜。结合对拟南芥花椰菜突变体的实验分析和建模，我们发现花球自相似性的产生是因为分生组织不能形成花，而是保留了它们在开花状态下短暂通过的“记忆”。影响分生组织生长的额外突变可以诱导锥形结构的产生，这让人想起明显的罗曼斯科形状。这项研究揭示了花发育程序的关键的、明确的扰动和生长动态的组合是如何产生类分形形式的。
Throughout development, plant meristems regularly produce organs in defined spiral, opposite, or whorl patterns. Cauliflowers present an unusual organ arrangement with a multitude of spirals nested over a wide range of scales. How such a fractal, self-similar organization emerges from developmental mechanisms has remained elusive. Combining experimental analyses in an Arabidopsis thaliana cauliflower-like mutant with modeling, we found that curd self-similarity arises because the meristems fail to form flowers but keep the "memory" of their transient passage in a floral state. Additional mutations affecting meristem growth can induce the production of conical structures reminiscent of the conspicuous fractal Romanesco shape. This study reveals how fractal-like forms may emerge from the combination of key, defined perturbations of floral developmental programs and growth dynamics.