Using Boreholes as Windows into Groundwater Ecosystems
Using Boreholes as Windows into Groundwater Ecosystems
复制标题
使用钻孔作为了解地下水生态系统的窗口
作者：
J. Sorensen;L. Maurice;François K. Edwards;D. Lapworth;D. Read;D. Allen;A. Butcher;L. Newbold;Barry R. Townsend;P. Williams
地下水生态系统仍然知之甚少，但可能提供生态系统服务，对生物多样性作出独特贡献，并含有有用的水质生物指标。人们对生态系统的可变性、含水层内无脊椎动物的分布情况以及井眼在含水层中的代表性知之甚少。我们解决了这些问题，使用钻孔成像和单钻孔稀释测试，以确定三个潜在的含水层栖息地（断裂，裂缝或管道）拦截的两个白垩钻孔在不同的深度下的表面（34至98米）。这些栖息地的特点是采样的无脊椎动物，微生物学和水化学使用包装系统，以隔离它们。取样时泵送量逐渐增加，以评估钻孔和含水层群落之间的差异。这项研究提供了一个新的概念框架来推断从钻孔中取样的水、无脊椎动物和微生物的起源。它表明，在这些封隔器测试期间，以0.4-1.8升/秒的速度抽取5立方米足以将无脊椎动物从5米带到几十米深的含水层。无脊椎动物和细菌更丰富的钻孔比在含水层，与相关的水化学变化表明，钻孔作为网站的增强地球化学循环。不同生境的无脊椎动物丰度和细菌群落结构存在一定差异，表明含水层内存在生态异质性。然而，在所有含水层样品中捕获了无脊椎动物，细菌丰度、主要离子化学和溶解氧保持相似。因此，这项研究表明，在白垩，生态系统包括细菌和无脊椎动物从周围的地下水位延伸到70米以下it. Hydrogeological技术提供了一个很好的范围来解决突出的问题，在地下水生态，提供了一个适当的概念水文地质的理解。
Groundwater ecosystems remain poorly understood yet may provide ecosystem services, make a unique contribution to biodiversity and contain useful bio-indicators of water quality. Little is known about ecosystem variability, the distribution of invertebrates within aquifers, or how representative boreholes are of aquifers. We addressed these issues using borehole imaging and single borehole dilution tests to identify three potential aquifer habitats (fractures, fissures or conduits) intercepted by two Chalk boreholes at different depths beneath the surface (34 to 98 m). These habitats were characterised by sampling the invertebrates, microbiology and hydrochemistry using a packer system to isolate them. Samples were taken with progressively increasing pumped volume to assess differences between borehole and aquifer communities. The study provides a new conceptual framework to infer the origin of water, invertebrates and microbes sampled from boreholes. It demonstrates that pumping 5 m3 at 0.4–1.8 l/sec was sufficient to entrain invertebrates from five to tens of metres into the aquifer during these packer tests. Invertebrates and bacteria were more abundant in the boreholes than in the aquifer, with associated water chemistry variations indicating that boreholes act as sites of enhanced biogeochemical cycling. There was some variability in invertebrate abundance and bacterial community structure between habitats, indicating ecological heterogeneity within the aquifer. However, invertebrates were captured in all aquifer samples, and bacterial abundance, major ion chemistry and dissolved oxygen remained similar. Therefore the study demonstrates that in the Chalk, ecosystems comprising bacteria and invertebrates extend from around the water table to 70 m below it. Hydrogeological techniques provide excellent scope for tackling outstanding questions in groundwater ecology, provided an appropriate conceptual hydrogeological understanding is applied.
英国 Stygobites 的分布和多样性：为地下水管理提供信息的分析
DOI：
10.1144/1470-9236/08-046
发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Robertson A
通讯作者：
Robertson A