Throwing accuracy in the vertical direction during prism adaptation: Not simply timing of ball release
Throwing accuracy in the vertical direction during prism adaptation: Not simply timing of ball release
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.2298
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Thach, WT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, TA;Greger, BE;Thach, WT
在之前的一项研究中，其他人假设，当投掷视觉目标时，垂直误差的变化是由三个投掷参数中的任何一个变化引起的：手在空间中的位置、手的平移速度和手的方向。通过对熟练投掷者的分析，这些作者得出结论，垂直误差与手方向的变化最相关，而手方向的变化又与球释放的时机有关。我们使用垂直棱镜适应范式来研究受试者在适应外部扰动时使用的投掷参数。我们的研究对象显示，在正常的、过度练习的投掷中，手的位置或手的平移速度与球的撞击高度之间没有相关性。然而，基于视频的运动分析表明，当受试者被迫在飞镖投掷过程中补偿垂直移动的棱镜扰动时，手部的位置和速度的改变发挥了重要作用（这些因素贡献了类似于30%的适应性）。我们得出的结论是，在适应过程中，与在正常情况下使用这种类型的投掷相比，需要修改更多的自由度和更多的潜在误差源来实现击中目标所需的凝视-投掷重新校准。
In a previous study, others have hypothesized that the variance in vertical errors that occurs while throwing at visual targets is caused by changes in any of three throw parameters: hand location in space, hand translational velocity, and hand orientation. From an analysis of skilled throwers, those authors concluded that vertical error is best correlated with variance in hand orientation, which in turn is related to the timing of ball release. We used a vertical prism adaptation paradigm to investigate which of these throwing parameters subjects use when adapting to external perturbation. Our subjects showed no correlation between hand position or hand translational velocity and ball impact height in normal, over-practiced throwing. However, video-based motion analysis showed that modifications both of position and speed of the hand play an important role when subjects are forced to compensate for a vertically shifting prism perturbation during a dart-like throw (these factors contribute similar to 30% of the adaptation). We concluded that, during adaptation, more degrees of freedom and more sources of potential error are modified to achieve the gaze-throw recalibration required to hit the target than are employed in this type of throw during normal conditions.