Genital evolution: why are females still understudied?
Genital evolution: why are females still understudied?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001851
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Herberstein ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ah-King M;Barron AB;Herberstein ME
在许多动物群体中，生殖器结构似乎进化得非常迅速，这引起了人们对为什么会这样的持久兴趣。在这篇文献中，仍然存在着对研究男性生殖器的偏见;在这里，我们研究这种偏见的程度及其可能的原因。动物生殖器的多样性、变异性和明显的快速进化是进化生物学研究的一个生动焦点，在过去十年中，探索生殖器的研究急剧增加。然而，这些研究显示出强烈的男性偏见，自2000年以来，这种偏见有所恶化，尽管过去曾明确指出这种偏见。早期的批评者认为，以前的研究人员往往只考虑男性和他们的生殖器，而忽视女性生殖器或生理。我们对文献的分析表明，总体而言，这种男性偏见随着时间的推移而恶化。偏见的程度是不一致的子学科之间：锁和钥匙的假设的研究一直是最男性的重点，而神秘的女性选择的研究通常考虑两性。在不同的分类群体中，偏见的程度也有所不同，但与研究男性和女性生殖器特征的容易程度无关。我们认为，在这一领域的持续存在的男性偏见，不能仅仅解释解剖性别差异影响可访问性。相反，这种偏见反映了关于男性在性生活中的主导地位和不变的女性生殖器的持久假设。新的研究强调了女性生殖器特征的进化速度，以及男性和女性之间复杂的共同进化动力如何塑造生殖器结构。我们认为，了解生殖器的进化是阻碍了过时的单一性别偏见。
In many animal groups genital structures appear to have evolved extremely rapidly, prompting enduring interest in why this is so. Throughout this literature there remains a bias towards studying male genitalia; here we examine the extent of that bias and its possible causes. The diversity, variability, and apparent rapid evolution of animal genitalia are a vivid focus of research in evolutionary biology, and studies exploring genitalia have dramatically increased over the past decade. These studies, however, exhibit a strong male bias, which has worsened since 2000, despite the fact that this bias has been explicitly pointed out in the past. Early critics argued that previous investigators too often considered only males and their genitalia, while overlooking female genitalia or physiology. Our analysis of the literature shows that overall this male bias has worsened with time. The degree of bias is not consistent between subdisciplines: studies of the lock-and-key hypothesis have been the most male focused, while studies of cryptic female choice usually consider both sexes. The degree of bias also differed across taxonomic groups, but did not associate with the ease of study of male and female genital characteristics. We argue that the persisting male bias in this field cannot solely be explained by anatomical sex differences influencing accessibility. Rather the bias reflects enduring assumptions about the dominant role of males in sex, and invariant female genitalia. New research highlights how rapidly female genital traits can evolve, and how complex coevolutionary dynamics between males and females can shape genital structures. We argue that understanding genital evolution is hampered by an outdated single-sex bias.
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