Exposure and risk from ambient particle-bound pollution in an airshed dominated by residential wood combustion and mobile sources.
Exposure and risk from ambient particle-bound pollution in an airshed dominated by residential wood combustion and mobile sources.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.94102s475
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发表时间：
1994-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Lewtas J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cupitt LT;Glen WG;Lewtas J
1986年至1987年的采暖季节，作为综合航空癌症项目的一部分，在爱达荷州的博伊西进行了一项重要的实地研究。系统地收集了居民区和社区周围空气中的过滤样本，以确定颗粒结合污染物的特征。过滤样品中的可提取有机物(EOM)被分配到其来源，要么是住宅木材燃烧(RWC)，要么是移动来源(MS)。从博伊西周围的样品中制备了两个复合样品，RWC和MS的贡献按比例分配，并测试了肿瘤启动效力。基于来自该机场的两个环境复合样本，已经做出了比较有效的肺癌风险评估。此外，根据Boise的数据和国家调查数据建立了一个微环境暴露模型，以估计RWC和MS对EOM的暴露。本文外推微环境模型，以估计Boise地区RWC和MS对EOM的年平均暴露和剂量。年度模型考虑了Boise的实际污染物水平、RWC使用和气象稀释因子的历史变化、各微环境区可能的活动及其由此产生的吸入率。结合终生风险估计，基于复合环境样本，平均年剂量建议风险约为4x10(-4)。虽然每年平均约有73%的风险率占总风险的73%，但在估计的终身风险中只占约20%。
A major field study was conducted in Boise, Idaho, during the heating season of 1986 to 1987 as part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project. Filter samples were systematically collected in residences and in the ambient air across the community to characterize the particle-bound pollutants. The extractable organic matter (EOM) from the filter samples was apportioned to its source of origin, either residential wood combustion (RWC) or mobile sources (MS). Two composite samples, with apportioned contributions from RWC and MS, were prepared from the Boise ambient samples and tested for tumor-initiation potency. A comparative potency lung cancer risk estimate has been made based on the two ambient composite samples from this airshed. In addition, a microenvironmental exposure model was developed from the Boise data and from national survey data to estimate the exposure to EOM from RWC and MS. In this paper, the microenvironmental model is extrapolated to provide an estimate of the average annual exposure and dose in Boise to EOM from RWC and MS. The annual model considers actual pollutant levels in Boise, historical changes in RWC usage and meteorological dilution factors and the likely activities in the various microenvironmental zones and their resultant inhalation rates. Combined with the lifetime risk estimates, the average annual dose suggests a risk of about 4 x 10(-4) based upon the composite ambient samples. Despite the fact that RWC accounts for 73% of the EOM on an annual average basis, it accounts for only about 20% of the estimated lifetime risk.