Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: an assessment of the current state of the science
Fire effects on aquatic ecosystems: an assessment of the current state of the science
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DOI：
10.1086/684073
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Dwire, Kathleen A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bixby, Rebecca J.;Cooper, Scott D.;Dwire, Kathleen A.
火是许多景观的普遍特征，对地质、水文、生态和经济系统有着众多复杂的影响。在一些地区，野火的频率和强度近年来有所增加，并预计随着预测的气候和土地使用变化而升级。此外，世界许多地方继续使用规定的燃烧，为发展项目清除植被，促进理想的植被，并减少燃料负荷。鉴于火灾在景观中的普遍存在，本特别系列论文的作者研究了火灾作为塑造淡水生态系统的干扰的复杂性，并强调了科学的现状。这些论文涵盖了火灾影响的关键方面，从流域的植被损失和恢复到对水文和水质的影响，以及对社区（从藻类到鱼类）、食物网和生态系统过程（例如，有机物补贴、养分循环）。在这个特殊的系列文章中提出的结果扩展了我们对不同生物群落，水体和地理区域火灾影响的认识，包括水生种群，群落和生态系统响应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了每篇论文，并强调其对火生态学和淡水生态系统知识的贡献。本概述最后列出了7个研究重点，以进一步了解火灾对水生生态系统的影响，包括以下研究：1）额外的生物群落和地理区域; 2）额外的栖息地，包括湿地和湖泊生态系统; 3）不同的火灾严重程度、大小和空间配置;以及4）额外的响应变量（例如，生态系统过程）5）在长（> 5年）的时间尺度6）更严格的研究设计和数据分析，和7）考虑火灾管理做法和政策对水生生态系统的影响。
Fire is a prevalent feature of many landscapes and has numerous and complex effects on geological, hydrological, ecological, and economic systems. In some regions, the frequency and intensity of wildfire have increased in recent years and are projected to escalate with predicted climatic and landuse changes. In addition, prescribed burns continue to be used in many parts of the world to clear vegetation for development projects, encourage desired vegetation, and reduce fuel loads. Given the prevalence of fire on the landscape, authors of papers in this special series examine the complexities of fire as a disturbance shaping freshwater ecosystems and highlight the state of the science. These papers cover key aspects of fire effects that range from vegetation loss and recovery in watersheds to effects on hydrology and water quality with consequences for communities (from algae to fish), food webs, and ecosystem processes (e.g., organic matter subsidies, nutrient cycling) across a range of scales. The results presented in this special series of articles expand our knowledge of fire effects in different biomes, water bodies, and geographic regions, encompassing aquatic population, community, and ecosystem responses. In this overview, we summarize each paper and emphasize its contributions to knowledge on fire ecology and freshwater ecosystems. This overview concludes with a list of 7 research foci that are needed to further our knowledge of fire effects on aquatic ecosystems, including research on: 1) additional biomes and geographic regions; 2) additional habitats, including wetlands and lacustrine ecosystems; 3) different fire severities, sizes, and spatial configurations; and 4) additional response variables (e.g., ecosystem processes) 5) over long (> 5 y) time scales 6) with more rigorous study designs and data analyses, and 7) consideration of the effects of fire management practices and policies on aquatic ecosystems.